Anatomy & Physiology (Chapter 1 Test Review)

Discuss differences between anatomy and physiology, including being able to identify examples of each

Anatomy: The study the structure, shape of the body and it’s parts (ex: sizes of the brain, the heart, etc)

Physiology: The study of how the body works / functions and its parts (air sacs of the lungs have thin walls)

Describe anatomical position

Standard body position → stand erect, feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides with palms facing toward and thumbs pointing away from the body

Define supine and prone non-anatomical position

Prone → lying down with face down

Supine → lying down with face up

Describe the 3 body planes and be able to label them on a diagram

Sagittal (Median)→ divides the body/organ into left and right parts

Frontal (coronal) → divides the body/organ into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse (cross) → divides the body/organ into superior and inferior parts

Discuss the abdominopelvic regions. How is the cavity divided, how are they useful, why do we have them for the abdominopelvic cavity but not the thoracic cavity?

It’s divided into 4 quadrants and 9 regions. These regions are useful because they house vital organs such as stomach or your liver. The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into regions to more precisely identify and locate organs and potential issues while the thoracic are relatively straightforward

List the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest. Be able to identify which of the levels are considered living and which are non living

Atoms non-living

Cells living

Tissues living

Organs living

Organ systems living

Organisms living

List the 5 basic survival needs discussed in class

Nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, and atmospheric pressure

Define homeostatic and describe how it works in the human body

Homeostasis → maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions. It’s necessary for normal body function and to sustain life

What three components are found in all homeostatic control mechanisms?

1. Receptor

2. Control center

3. Effector

Describe the differences between negative feedback and positive feedback and provide examples of each.

Negative feedback → includes most homeostatic control mechanisms and shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity (ex: household thermostat)

Positive feedback → increases the original stimulus to push the variable father (ex: birth of a baby or blood clotting)

Discuss what happens if the body cannot maintain homeostasis

Could result in a disease or death