Chemical Reactions and Equations

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from the lecture on chemical reactions and equations, including balancing equations, states of matter, and solubility rules.

What is the purpose of adding coefficients in front of chemicals in a chemical equation?

To balance the number of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation.

What symbol is used to denote a solid state in a chemical equation?

(s) is used for solids.

In a chemical equation, what does (aq) represent?

(aq) represents an aqueous solution, meaning a substance is dissolved in water.

What do spectator ions do in a chemical reaction?

Spectator ions do not participate in the reaction and remain unchanged on both sides.

What is the general equation for a precipitation reaction?

AB + CD -> AD + CB.

Describe the law of conservation of mass as it relates to chemical reactions.

The law states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; therefore, the number of atoms must be balanced on both sides.

What is the difference between a molecular equation and a total ionic equation?

A molecular equation shows the complete formulas of all reactants and products, while a total ionic equation shows the ionic form of all soluble substances.

What does it mean if a reaction is not balanced?

It means that the number of atoms of each element is not the same on both sides of the equation.

How do you denote a liquid state in a chemical equation?

(l) is used to denote a liquid state.

What are the steps to balance a chemical reaction?

1. Write out the reaction with all reactants and products. 2. Adjust coefficients to balance the number of atoms for each element.

What is the significance of heat in a chemical reaction represented by a reaction arrow?

Heat indicates that it is required for the reaction to proceed.

In solubility rules, which group of ions are always soluble?

Group 1 ions are always soluble.

What does the notation 2 Ag (s) + Cl (aq) -> 2 AgCl (s) represent?

It represents a chemical reaction where silver ions react with chloride ions to form solid silver chloride.

What ions are classified as insoluble according to the solubility rules?

Certain metal hydroxides and carbonates, along with some sulfates, are considered insoluble.

What is a net ionic equation?

A net ionic equation includes only the ions and molecules directly involved in the chemical reaction, excluding spectator ions.

Why do we need to apply solubility rules when predicting states in a reaction?

To determine which substances will remain in solution and which will precipitate out as solids.