8th Grade Science Final Exam Review - Climate & Atmosphere
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Flashcards to review vocabulary words about energy in the atmosphere and ocean, climate, and climate change.
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24 Terms
Electromagnetic wave
The form in which the sun's energy travels to Earth.
Greenhouse effect
The process by which gases in the atmosphere trap heat near Earth's surface, making Earth warmer.
Thermal energy
The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance.
Convection
The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas).
Conduction
The transfer of heat between two substances that are in direct contact.
Radiation
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
Wind
Movement of air parallel to Earth's surface.
Sea breeze
A local wind that blows from an ocean or lake.
Land breeze
The flow of air from land to a body of water.
Coriolis effect
The way Earth's rotation makes winds curve instead of traveling in straight lines.
Jet stream
Bands of high-speed winds that blow 10 km above Earth's surface and affect local weather blowing from West to East.
Current
Large streams of moving water that flow through the ocean.
El Nino
A climate event that causes winds along the equator to weaken and reverse direction above the Pacific Ocean, causing warm water to flow east toward the South American coast.
La Nina
A climate pattern where wind is moving warm water to the west, which causes cool deep water to rise in the East.
Climate
Long-term pattern in an area, defined as the average year-after-year conditions of temperature, precipitation, wind, and clouds.
Greenhouse gas
Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.
Climate change
A sudden or gradual change in Earth's climate.
Global warming
An increase in average temperature of Earth.
Fossil fuel
A fuel formed from the remains of ancient organisms.
Cascade effect
An unforeseen chain of events caused by a disturbance in a system.
Alternate energy
Clean energy sources that do not come from fossil fuels to limit the amounts of emitted greenhouse gases (e.g., solar, wind, geothermal, and tidal power).
Absorbed
The energy of the wave is transferred to the medium (stored).
Transmitted
The wave passes through the medium
Reflected
The wave bounces off the medium.