Relations with Spain and France prior to 1567

Who was the most powerful man in the world?

Philip II of Spain

Why did Liz decline Philip’s offer of marriage?

A direct Spanish link to England had offended the common peop

What did Philip’s influence delay Liz from?

Being excommunicated from the Catholic Churc

What did the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559 entail?

End of war between England, Spain, and France

Liz had to sacrifice Calais and the pale

Why was the Calais important?

Useful in controlling the Straits of Dover through which Spanish shipping passed to the Netherlands and French to Scotland

Why was France to be feared?

Power was extending deep into Scotland

Who was Mary of Guise?

Regent of Scotland on behalf of her daughter Mary Queen of Scots

What looked to happen when Protestant and anti-French rebellion broke out in Scotland?

French would send a large army to subdue it and extend their influence in the aftermath

Why was Liz reluctant to side with Protestant noblemen and help them dislodge the French garrisons?

It was abhorrent and ‘against God’s law’ to aid nobles in battle against their lawful sovereign

How did Cecil convince her?

Making plain the full extent of the threat from French domination of Scotland

What was the Treaty of Edinburgh 1560?

Withdrawal of both English and French troops from Scotland

Scottish allowed to decide their own fate, religious, and political

Why and When did the 1st French War of Religion start?

1562- Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of the Hugeunot faction by the Duke of Guise

Why did Liz’s advisors urge her to send troops to France in 1562?

Huguenots looked likely to flounder and fail without outside help and it was fear it France was kept politically divided, it would soon be able to extend its tendrils into Scotland again

What happened when English troops landed in Le Havre in 1562?

French factions temporarily resolved their differences and turned unilaterally against the English

What did Liz’s forces also suffer?

A bout of plague and the disaffections of Philip II

What was the Treaty of Troyes 1564?

Brought peace and the French ownership of Calais

Where had Liz failed and succeeded?

S- Scotland

F- France

Who was Cardinal Granevelle?

Philip II’s regent in the netherlands

What did the Cardinal provoke in 1563-64?

Brisk trade war

Why didn’t the Cardinal like England?

Convinced that the spread of protestant ideas in the netherlands by English mercahnts was sponsered by Liz’s govt

What did he use to the outbreak of plague in England in 1563 to do?

Ban the import of English cloth

How did Liz reciprocate?

Ban on the import of Dutch goods into England

What happened when the new states of affairs got mutually damaging?

Things were restored to their former state in 1564

Where had English merchants discovered a new market during the brief interlude?

East Friesland