Meat Science Exam 1

Tissues are made up of ..?

Collagen

What color is collagen ?

White

Collagen will liquify at what temp?

160 degrees F

What conditions will collagen break down in?

Moist conditions

What is the 3 types of Connective tissue?

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

What do the Epimysium surrounds?

Muscle

What do the Perimysium surrounds?

Muscle bundle

What does the endomysium surrounds?

Muscle fibers

What color is elastin?

Yellow

Do elastin break down?

No

What are the 3 types of Fat?

saturated

Monounsaturated

Polyunsaturated

-Single bonds

-(harder)

-Higher melting point (more heat)

Saturated Fat

-2 double bonds

-softer ( lower melting point)

Monounsaturated

-Multiple double bonds

- softer (low melting point)

Polyunsaturated

Because of double bonds, the meat tends to..?

Oxidize quicker

What meat is most common with double bonds?

Pork

Red muscle fibers have __ Myoglobin?

High

Red muscle fibers have __ Contraction speed

Slow

Red muscle fibers have __ Metabolism Lipid Content.

High

White muscle fibers have __ Myoglobin.

Low

White muscle fibers have __ Contraction Speed

Fast

White muscle fibers have __ Glycolytic

High

White muscle fibers have __ Metabolism Lipid Content

Low

Red muscle fiber are usually in what part of cuts?

Thighs/ drums

White muscle fiber are usually in what part of cuts?

Breast

What are the 2 proteins of the Myofibril?

• Actin

• Myosin

Actin is __ percent of overall protein

20%

Myosin is __ percent of overall protein

45%

Sarcomeres are used for?

Muscle relaxation & contraction

ZIP stands for..?

Z- Zinc

I- Iron

P- Protein

What are the 3 types of muscle?

1- Skeletal

2- Cardiac

3- Smooth

What type of muscle is

- multi-nucleated

-striated

-voluntary- tells it what to do

skeletal

What type of muscle have 1-2 nuclei?

Cardiac

What type of muscle has

-single nuclei

-very pliable

-stretch/ expand

Smooth

What bone is A. ?

Scapula

What bone is B.?

Thoracic

what bone is C. ?

Caudal

What bone is D. ?

Humerus

What type of muscle is 1?

Biceps

What type of muscle is 2?

Longissimus Dorsi

What type of muscle is 3?

Supra Spinatus

What type of bone is 4?

Scapula

What cross- breed goats are most common?

Boer X Spanish

Qualities of the Kiko goat

• grow fast

• Strong parasite resistance

Qualities of the Spanish goat

• smaller frame

• Good mothering skills

• Highly adaptable

Qualities of the Boar Goat

• South African

• Heavily muscled

What is development?

Changes in form resulting in different growth of muscle, fat, & bone

What is growth?

Increase of mass over time

What are the 4 types of deposits of fat?

1. Mesenteric- internal fat

2. Inter muscular- seam fat ( between)

3. Subcutaneous- external fat

4. Intramuscular- marbling

Poor nutrition consequences

1. Stunted growth

2. Malformed

3. Disease/ parasites

4. Reproductive performance

Parasites take __ away from the animal

Nutrients

The effects parasites have on the animal

• Decreased appetite

• Bad digestive functions

• Stunted cellular growth

• Physically sick

• Death

Label A, B, & C

A- small growth

B- rapid growth (teen years)

C- slow down ( Mature size/ ages)

Anterior

Head

Posterior

Tail

Functions of Skeletal System

• Support

• Protect- internal organ

• Mineral reserve

What is bone made of?

• water

• Mineral

• Fats

• Protein

What percent of water is in the bone?

50%

What percent of mineral is in the bone?

26%

What percent of Fats is in the bone?

4

What percent of Protein is in the bone?

20%

Bone Types

• Femur/ Humerus- long bone

• Ribs- Flat

• Vertebra- irregular

Parts of the Axial skeleton

• skull

• Sternum

• Ribs

pats of the Vertebra/ Colum

• cervical

• Thoracic

• Lumbar

• Sacral

• Coccygeal

Parts of the Appendicular Skeleton- Thoracic/ Forelimb

• Shoulder

• Humerus

• Radius

Parts of the Appendicular Skeleton- Hind limb

• pelvic girdle

• Femur

• Tibia

What is the definition of hypertrophy? 

Enlargement of existing cells

What is the hormone estrogen responsible for during animal growth?

Deposition of fat

Based on the nutritional makeup of muscle, which component is found as the highest percentage?

water 75-80%

Define an indicator.

Point to or show

True or False. Goats are a great complement to cattle because they do not compete for the same forages?

True

What breed of goat is highly adaptable with good maternal instincts

Spanish

Which contractile protein burns ATP to utilize that energy during contraction and relaxation?

Myosin

What ion is critical for muscle contraction and attaches to troponin?

calcium

Label 1-

Humerus

Label 2-

Supraspinatus (Chuck tender)

Label 3-

Scapula (Blade bone)

Label 4-

Infraspinatus (flat) in beef

Label 5

Longissimus dorsi (ribeye)

Label 6-

Spinalis Dorsi (ribeye cap)

Label 7-

Lumbar vertebrate

Label 8

Psoas Major (Tender loin)

Label 9

Longissimus dorsi (New York strip)

Label 10

Label 11

Bicep femoris (Picanha)

Label 12-

Gluteus medius

Label 13

Semi membaneos (Inside round)

Label 14

Semi tendinasous (eye of round)

Label 15

Femur

Label 16

vastus lateralis (sirloin tip or knuckle)

Label 17

Bicep femoris (outside round)