Learned Motives: Classical, Instrumental & Observational Learning

A collection of flashcards designed to help students understand key concepts related to learned motives, classical, instrumental, and observational learning.

Pavlovian Classical Conditioning

A learning process where a neutral stimulus eventually elicits a response due to its pairing with a motivating stimulus.

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

A response that is naturally triggered by an unconditioned stimulus without prior conditioning.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus, begins to evoke a conditioned response.

Extinction

The process through which a conditioned response decreases or disappears when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Experimental Neurosis

An anxiety response brought on by unpredictability in a conditioning task rather than by classical conditioning itself.

Counterconditioning

A behavioral therapy technique that replaces an undesirable response to a stimulus with a new, positive response.

Systematic Desensitization

A therapeutic technique that involves gradual exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus while practicing relaxation techniques.

Interoceptive Conditioning

A form of conditioning where internal stimuli (CS or UCS) are used to elicit physiological responses.

Conditioned Emotional Responses (CERs)

Emotional responses that are learned through classical conditioning, affecting behaviors previously reinforced through operant conditioning.

Learned Helplessness

A psychological state resulting from uncontrollable experiences that leads to passivity and reduced motivation.

Primary Reinforcer

Reinforcers that naturally increase the likelihood of a behavior due to their innate properties, such as food and water.

Secondary Reinforcer

Stimuli that increase response probability because they have been associated with primary reinforcers in the past.

Vicarious Learning

Learning that occurs by observing the behaviors of others and the consequences of those behaviors.