MED TERM - Female Reproductive System

papanicolaou test

cytology test used to detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix

IUD

intrauterine device; contraceptive device inserted by a physician

vaginitis

infection of the vagina

perineum

area between the vaginal office and the anus

ovaries

glands located in the pelvic cavity that each contain an ovum

amenorrhea

absence of menstrual periods for an extended period

HRT

hormone replacement therapy

PMS

premenstrual syndrome

PID

pelvic inflammatory disease

endometriosis

presence of functional endometrial tissue in areas outside the uterus

cesarean section

incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus

conization

excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue for histological examination

tubal ligation

procedure that ties the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy

men/o

menses, menstruation

nat/o

birth

oophor/o, ovari/o

ovary

amni/o

amnion

cervic/o

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

colp/o, vagin/o

vagina

galact/o, lact/o

milk

gynec/o

woman, female

hyster/o, metri/o, uter/o

uterus (womb)

mamm/o, mast/o

breast

-arche

beginning

-gravida

pregnant woman

-para

to bear (offspring)

BUILDING TERM: hysterectomy (hyster/ectomy)

DEFINITION: excision of the uterus

hyster: uterus (womb)

ectomy: excision/surgicial removal

BUILDING TERM: lactogen (lact/o/gen)

DEFINITION: forming or producing milk

lact/o: milk

gen: produce/generate

BUILDING TERM: salpingoplasty (salping/o/plasty)

DEFINITION: surgical repair of a tube (usually fallopian or eustachian)

salping/o: fallopian tube 

plasty: surgical repair/reconstruction

BUILDING TERM: menorrhagia (men/o/rrhagia)

DEFINITION: excessive menstrual flow  

men/o: menstruation

rrhagia: abnormal/profuse flow

BUILDING TERM: primigravida (primi/gravida)

DEFINITION: a woman’s first pregnancy

primi: first

gravida: pregnancy (or how many times pregnant)

BUILDING TERM: mastectomy (mast/ectomy)

DEFINITION: removal of the breast

mast: breast

ectomy: excision/surgicial removal

BUILDING TERM: amniocentesis (amni/o/centesis)

DEFINITION: surgical puncture of the amniotic sac

amni/o: amnion (thin membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus in the womb)

centesis: surgical puncture

BUILDING TERM: colposcopy (colp/o/scopy)

DEFINITION: visual examination of the vagina

colp/o: vagina/womb

scopy: visual examination

BUILDING TERM: multipara (multi/para)

DEFINITION: multiple births

multi: many 

para: live births (meanwhile gravida means any pregnancies, doesn’t have to be alive)

BUILDING TERM: dysmenorrhea (dys/men/o/rrhea)

DEFINITION: painful menstruation

dys: difficult

men/o: mensturation

rrhea: flow/discharge

BUILDING TERM: mammogram (mamm/o/gram)

DEFINTION: radiography of the breast

mamm/o: breast

gram: picture/record of the results obtained from a particular type of test

BUILDING TERM: endometrial (endo/metri/al)

DEFINITION: pertaining to within the uterus

endo: within/inside

metri:uterus/womb

al: pertaining to

BUILDING TERM: laparoscopy (lapar/o/scopy)

DEFINITION: visual examination of the abdominal cavity through small incisions in the abdominal wall

lapar/o: abdominal wall

scopy: visual examination

BUILDING TERM: hysterosalpingography (hyster/o/salping/o/graphy)

DEFINITION: radiography of the uterus and oviducts with contrast medium

hyster/o: uterus (womb)

salping/o: fallopian tube (ovaries specifically)

graphy: process of recording or imaging

BUILDING TERM: multigravida (multi/gravida)

DEFINITION: multiple, many pregnancies

multi: many

gravida: pregnancy (or how many times pregnant) - (meanwhile para means live births, doesn’t count miscarriages)

BUILDING TERM: dystocia (dys/tocia)

DEFINITION: difficult childbirth, labor

dys: difficult

tocia: labor

perineum

area between the vagina and anus

corpus luteum

this structure is a small, yellow mass that secretes estrogen and progesterone and then degenerates at the end of a nonfertile cycle

fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to ____

the uterus

what happens to a non-fertilized ovum?

it’s discharged through the vagina during menstruation

climacteric

the period of time in which symptoms of approaching menopause occur

pseudocyesis

describes someone who experiences pregnancy symptoms without being pregnant

puerperium

describes the period after pregnancy when a person's reproductive organs return to their nonpregnant state

What causes most cases of pelvic inflammatory disease?

untreated chlamydia and gonorrhea

Cervical cancer most commonly affects women between which ages?

40-49 years

atresia

the congenital absence or closure of the vagina

Which is the most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy?

eclampsia