Urogenital System

Urinary/Excretory System

Excretes metabolic wastes; involved in osmoregulation

Reproductive System

"Plays a role in reproduction; gametogenesis in both males and females; fertilization

Osmoregulation

Regulation of the body’s osmotic composition; refers to how much water and salt the body contains; proper operation of many vertebrate organ systems of the body requires that the osmotic concentration of the blood and tissue fluids be kept within narrow bounds

Functions of the Urinary System

"Plays a role in homeostasis; plays a role in excretion of metabolic wastes; involved in hormone secretion; involved in regulation of water balance

Water balance

Osmolarity and total volume

Ureter

Tube for urine flow from a kidney to the urinary bladder

Renal artery

Takes blood from the abdominal aorta to the kidneys

Renal vein

Carries blood away from the kidney to the caudal vena cava

Renal Capsule

Envelops the kidney

Renal Cortex

Outer region of kidney; where blood filtration occurs

Renal Medulla

Inner region of kidney; where the filtrate is converted into urine

Renal Pyramids

"Located in medulla region of the kidney; bases are located next to the cortex

Renal Pelvis

Compartment that collects urine and funnels it to ureter

Urinary bladder

Transiently stores urine until it is eliminated from the body

Urethra

"Small tube that extends from the urinary bladder to the outside

Testis

Gonads responsible for sperm production (spermatogenesis); the testes of mammals descend from the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal to reside in a pouch (scrotal sacs)

Seminiferous tubules

Part of testis; manufactures sperm cells

Epididymis

C shaped structure that wraps around each testis; sperm cell is not motile when it first arrives at the epididymis and must remain there for 18 hours to develop motility; sperm is then delivered to ductus deferens

Ductus deferens

"Tube running from the epididymis to the urethra; when sperm is ejaculated

Penis

Copulatory organ

Urogenital Opening

Opening through which urine and semen produced by the urinary and reproductive systems exit the body

Semen

Fluid consisting of sperm and various glandular secretions

Seminal vesicles

Pair of tubular glands located posteroinferior to the urinary bladder and on the dorsal side of the urethra proximal to the junction with the ductus deferentia; winglike structure and are involved in secreting fructose and prostaglandins

Prostate gland

Small gland located between the seminal vessicles; provides secretions that buffer pH in the acidic vagina

Bulbourethral glands

"Sausage shaped glands located in the abdominal cavity laterally to the urethra

Ovaries

Gonads involved in the production of ova; located in abdominal cavity

Fallopian tubes

Two small convoluted tubes lined with cilia leading from the ovaries into the uterus; become the horn of the uterus

Horn of the uterus

Left and right uterine horn unite to form the median body of the uterus

Body of the uterus

Leads posteriorly into the cervix

Cervix

"Lower

Vaginal opening

Urethra join here

Urogenital opening

Located in a position ventral to the anus; urine produced by urinary system and products secreted by the reproductive system leave the body

Placenta

"Composed of Mother’s endometrium and the embryo’s chorionic vesicle; performs digestive

Chorionic vesicle

Envelopes the embryo; composed of outer membrane (chorion) and an inner membrane (allantois)

Amnion

Thin membranous sac which is filled with fluid; it immediately surrounds and protects the embryo

Umbilical cord

Joins the chorionic vesicle to the embryo; contains one vein and a pair of arteries to supply fetus with oxygen and nutrient-rich blood and return oxygen and nutrient poor blood