Science - States of Matter

Matter

Anything that takes up space and has mass. Mass is another word for weight.

Solids

These particles are held together very closely. They cannot move freely but they can vibrate.

Properties of Solids

• Definite shape

• Definite volume

• Cannot be compressed

• Cannot flow

Liquids

These particles are a little more free than the ones in solids.

The particles can slip by each other and this is what allows these particles to take the shape of the container they are in, and flow.

Properties of Liquids

• No definite shape

• Definite volume

• Cannot be compressed

• Can flow

Gasses

These particles are very spread out. They are so spread out that they can be pushed into a smaller space.

Properties of Gasses

• No definite shape

• No definite volume

• Can be compressed

• Can flow

Non-Newtonian fluid (Oobleck)

• Can compress (? in copy though)

• Definite volume

• No definite shape

• Can flow

What States of Matter can Water be?

• Liquid

• Gas

• Solid

What state a material depends on how much its ____ moves.

particles

How do substances change state?

By adding or removing energy in the form of heat.

The more energy you add, the more the particles move.

The more energy you remove, the less the particles move.

Liquid to Solid

Freezing

Solid to Liquid

Melting

Liquid to Gas

Evaporation

Gas to Liquid

Condensing

Solid to Gas

Sublimation

Gas to Solid

Desublimation

Diffusion

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What substance was used to look at diffusion?

Potassium manganate

Evaporation

A slow surface-level liquid-to-gas change at any temperature, occurring without any bubbles, e.g. a puddle drying

Boiling

A rapid, bulk change throughout the liquid at a specific temperature (boiling point), forming visible bubbles, requiring extra heat, e.g. water cooking on a stove.

Differences Between Evaporation and Boiling

Location (surface vs. bulk)

Temperature (any vs. fixed rapid boiling point)

Speed (slow vs. rapid)

Bubble formation (none vs. yes)