sociology chapter 7 vocab (items removed)

Deviance

Behavior that violates societal norms or expectations, which can be either positive or negative.

Negative Deviance

Behavior that conforms to social norms but leads to disapproval or punishment.

Positive Deviance

Behavior that over conforms to social norms in a way viewed as exceptional or admirable.

Deviant

A person who engages in deviant behavior, differing from societal norms.

Anomie

A state of normlessness or social instability due to the breakdown of societal norms.

Primary Deviance

Initial acts of deviance that do not result in being labeled as deviant by society.

Secondary Deviance

Deviant behavior occurring after being labeled as deviant, accepted as part of identity.

Stigma

A negative label affecting a person's social identity, often leading to discrimination.

Victim Discounting

Viewing crimes against certain groups as less serious, leading to weaker punishments.

White-Collar Crime

Non-violent crimes committed in professional settings, usually involving financial fraud.

Crime

Any behavior that violates laws and is punishable by the government.

Criminal Justice System

The system of law enforcement, courts, and corrections dealing with crime and its consequences.

Deterrence

A strategy to prevent crime by using the threat of punishment.

Retribution

Punishment based on justice, ensuring criminals suffer consequences proportionate to their crimes.

Recidivism

The tendency of convicted criminals to reoffend after being released from prison.

Restitution

A form of punishment where offenders compensate victims for their losses.