Solids 1 & 2

What are the four common solid dosage forms?

powder, granules, capsules, tablets

Advantages of solid dosage forms

• convenience of administration

• preservation

• stability

• packaging/shipping

• GI drug absorption

• dose accuracy

Disadvantages of solid dosage forms

• bitter taste

• harsh GI conditions

• unconscious patients/difficulty swallowing

• first pass metabolism

How does powder size compare to granules?

powders are much smaller, granules are multiple powder particles combined

Granulation

the process of powders combining to form larger particles

Sieving

the process of dividing granules back into finely divided particles

Heywood diameter

diameter of a sphere that has the same volume as a particle

Martin diameter

the length of a line dividing the area of a particle into two equal areas

Feret diameter

the full length of the furthest points of the particle

Krumbein diameter

length of the widest part of a particle

How does particle size effect dissolution rate?

↓particle size, ↑surface area, ↑dissolution rate

Are spherical shapes or needle-like shapes more easily mixed?

spherical shapes, there is no geometric resistance or difference at any part of the particle

Particle size of a powder and specific surface area is _________ related

inversely

If two powders have the same or similar particle size, they are blended _______ readily than particles of different sizes

more

Porosity

how much open space there is relative to total space

Flowability

the ease with which a powder will flow under a specified set of conditions

Particle size and flowability is ________ related.

inversely

Smooth particles have ________ flowability than rough, irregular particles

better

Moisture content and flowability are _______ related.

inversely

Angle of repose

relatively simple method for estimating the flow properties of a powder; easily determined by allowing a powder to flow through a funnel freely onto a surface; height and radius of the resulting cone are measured

Angle of repose calculation

tan𝜃 = h/r

What is the relationship between angle of repose and flowability?

inverse