Protein Synthesis

What is the job of DNA?

Store genetic information.

What is mRNA?

Transcribed DNA template used by ribosomes for protein synthesis.

What is a nucleotide?

Basic building block of DNA and RNA (sugar,phosphate, bases).

What does genetic information (genes) do?

Code instructions for building a protein.

The sequence of nucleotides (bases) is?

The code for a protein. 

What is a gene?

A short segment of DNA that carries information to make a specific protein. (a piece of DNA). Codes for our traits.

DNA can make a code or recipe to build a protein.  What is the code or recipe called?

mRNA.

How is RNA different than DNA?

• Single helix

• Different bases (T is replaced by U)

• Has a different sugar (ribose)

• Can leave the nucleus

• New base rule C=G, A=U

What are the 3 types of RNA?

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

What is transcription?

First step in protein synthesis. The process by which DNA is copied into RNA (makes RNA code). 

Where does transcription happen?

Nucleus.

What is translation?

The second step of protein synthesis. The process by which RNA is used to build a protein. First reads and then builds the protein.

Where does translation happen?

The ribosome in the cytoplasm.

mRNA

Carries the code from the nucleus to the ribosome and is used for a temporary copy of a gene. (part of translation).

tRNA

Carries amino acids to the ribosome to be used to assemble proteins (part of translation).

rRNA

Ribosomes are made up of RNA (part of translation).

What is a ribosome made of?

rRNA.

What is made in the process of translation?

 A very specific protein.

Translation is the process of

Codon, anticodon, protein, and amino acid.

What does RNA polymerase do?

Find complementary RNA bases and proofread for errors. It is the enzyme that adds RNA nucleotides to build a new mRNA strand in RNA polymerase.

What is attached to the tRNA when it comes to the ribosome?

One amino acid that matches the codon on the mRNA strand.

What is the job of a ribosome?

To read mRNA and build proteins by linking amino acids together.

Do most amino acids have more than one codon?

Yes. Most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon (genetic code redundancy).

What is a codon?

 A group of 3 bases that code for an amino acid.

What is an anticodon?

Group of 3 nucleotides in tRNA.

What is a protein?

Built from a gene (sections of DNA) made through protein synthesis.

• Traits

• Waste elimination

• Enzymes

• Structure

• Reproduction

What is an Amino Acid?

Building blocks of a protein and make proteins in the chains.

Gene expression

DNA → (transcription) → mRNA → (translation) → Protein

What is protein synthesis?

Process of using DNA information to build a protein.

How does DNA code for protein structure?

DNA’s base sequence → determines mRNA codons → determines amino acid order → determines how the protein folds into its functional shape.

Synthesis

Building something new.

What is the point of “the message”?

Sequence of the nucleotides that codes for proteins.