Studied by 2 people
SOCI 1301
Sex
the biological and anatomical differences between females and males
Primary sex characteristics
the genitalia used in the reproductive process
Secondary sex characteristics
the physical traits (other than reproductive organs) that identify an individual’s sex
Intersex person
a person who’s born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t correspond to the typical definitions of male or female
Transgender person
an individual whose gender identity doesn’t match the person’s assigned sex at birth
Crossdresser
a male who dresses as a women or a female who dresses as a man but does not alter their genitalia
Sexual orientation
an individual’s preference for emotional-sexual relationships with members of the different sex, the same sex, or both
Homophobia
extreme prejudice and sometimes discriminatory actions directed at gays, lesbians, bisexuals, or others who are perceived as not being homosexual
Gender
the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with “femininity” and “masculinity”
Gender role
the attitudes, behavior, and activities that are socially defined as appropriate for each sex and are learned through the socialization process
Gender identity
a person’s perception of the self as female or male
Body consciousness
how a person perceives and feels about their body
Sexism
the subordination of one sex, usually female, based on the assumed superiority of the other sex
Patriarchy
a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by men
Matriarchy
a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by women
Gender stratification: Hunting and Gathering societies
relative gender equality
Gender stratification: Horticultural and Pastoral societies
decreasing gender equality
Gender stratification: Agrarian societies
low women’s status
Gender stratification: Industrial societies
low women’s status
Gender stratification: Postindustrial societies
varied gender equality
Gender bias
consists of showing favoritism toward one gender over the other
Who shows the most gender bias?
teachers
Gender-segregated work
the concentration of women and men in different occupations, jobs, and places of work
Labor market segmentation
the division of jobs into categories with distinct working conditions
Gendered pay gap
the disparity between women’s and men’s earnings
Comparable worth (pay equity)
the belief that wages ought to reflect the worth of a job, not the gender or race of a worker
“Sandwich Generation”
when persons are caught between the needs of young children and their older relatives
Gender Stratification: Functionalist and Neoclassical economic perspectives - the human capital model
individuals vary widely in the amount of human capital they bring to the labor market
How is human capital acquired?
by education and job training
Gender Stratification: Conflict perspectives
the gendered division of labor within families and in the workplace results from male control and dominance over women and resources
Feminism
the belief that women and men are equal and should be valued equally and have equal rights
Liberal feminism
gender equality is equated with equality of opportunity
Radical feminism
male domination causes all forms of human oppression
Socialist feminism
the oppression of women results from their dual roles as paid and unpaid workers in a capitalist economy
Multicultural feminism
race, class, and gender are forces that simultaneously oppress these women
Note 
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