Carolingian Renaissance Unit 5 Topic 3

Battle of Tours

732 battle where Charles Martel led the Franks and stopped the Muslim advance further into Europe.

Charles Martel

Leader of the Franks during the Battle of Tours, noted for halting Muslim expansion into Europe.

Charlemagne

Founder of the Holy Roman Empire who expanded the Franks' kingdom and was crowned emperor by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day AD 800.

Holy Roman Empire

Empire founded by Charlemagne that unified large parts of Europe under Christian rule.

Aachen

Capital of the Holy Roman Empire, where Charlemagne established the Palace School.

Carolingian Renaissance

A period of cultural revival during the late 8th and early 9th centuries under Charlemagne, focusing on education and the arts.

Alcuin of York

Benedictine monk who promoted knowledge of literature and the importance of education in understanding Scripture.

Treaty of Verdun

843 agreement that split Charlemagne's empire among his grandsons into three parts.

Great Schism

The division between the Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East, primarily over issues like papal authority.

Filioque

Clause added to the Nicene Creed, stating that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son, causing controversy between East and West.

Patriarch of Constantinople

The leading bishop of the Eastern Orthodox Church, central in the conflicts that led to the Great Schism.

Papal Authority

The belief in the Pope's supremacy over other bishops in the Western Church, contrasting with the equality claimed by the Eastern Orthodox Church.