Tissue Level of Organization

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the tissue level of organization in the human body.

Tissues

Collections of specialized cells and cell products that perform a limited number of functions.

Histology

The study of tissues.

Mucous membranes

Specialized epithelial linings that produce a lubricating fluid containing mucin, which traps microbes and protects body structures.

Epithelia

Layers of cells that cover internal or external surfaces.

Glands

Composed of secreting cells derived from epithelia.

Basement membrane

A layer that lies between the epithelium and underlying connective tissues, consisting of a network of protein fibers.

Stem cells

Unspecialized cells found in the deepest layers of epithelium, important for renewal and repair.

Simple epithelium

Consists of a single layer of cells covering the basement membrane and is fragile.

Stratified epithelium

Provides a greater degree of protection with multiple layers of cells.

Squamous epithelium

Thin, flat cells with the nucleus located at the thickest part of each cell.

Cuboidal epithelium

Cells with a centrally located nucleus forming a neat row.

Columnar epithelium

Cells with nuclei crowded into a narrow band close to the basement membrane.

Merocrine secretion

Release of products from secretory vesicles by exocytosis.

Apocrine secretion

Involves loss of both cytoplasm and the secretory product.

Holocrine secretion

The entire cell becomes packed with secretions and bursts apart.

Connective tissue

The most diverse tissues of the body providing support, protection, and transportation of materials.

Adipose tissue

A type of loose connective tissue that provides padding, shock absorption, and insulation.

Cartilage

A firm gel containing embedded fibers; three major types include hyaline, elastic, and fibrous.

Skeletal muscle tissue

Contains multinucleated cells and appears striated.

Cardiac muscle tissue

Found only in the heart and does not rely on nerve activity for contraction.

Smooth muscle tissue

Found in hollow organs and walls of blood vessels; it has no striations and can regenerate after injury.