Chp 6: Nonverbal Communication

Proxemics

- the study of how we use of and communicate with space.

Repeating

: the physical actions that follow (are after) the verbal message reinforce whats being said- saying hi and then waving.

Polychronic people

(doing several tasks at once- more fluid with time) not as concerned whether someone is on time or not.

Chronemics

- the study of how people perceive the use of and meaning in time.

Oculesics

- the study of eye movement.

Paralanguage

- vocalized sounds that accompany words:

Emblems

are gestures with a specific meaning.

Accenting

- behavior that makes something greater (augment) such as pounding fists- increasing the intensity of a message.

eye contact

Use to convey feelings, attitudes, and thoughts.

Complementing

- nonverbal behavior more subdued, that occurs at the same time as the verbal message.

Conflicting

- when a(n) verbal message says one thing, but the nonverbal indicates another.

Substituting

- nonverbal replaces the verbal message.

Nonverbal communication

the process of intentionally or unintentionally signaling meaning through behavior other than words

Regulating

- actions that govern the course of an interaction with another in conversation - help/regulate our interactions

Kinesics

- gestures and body movements

Open posture

- the posture achieved when the majority of one's body faces the audience or other person

Closed posture

- the posture achieved when one shields his or her body from the other person

Mirror

- the practice of replicating the posture of the other person to inidicate mutual interest

Edward T. Hall

identified 4 distanced zones in Western culture

Intimate distance

a foot and a half apart; their own space

Personal distance

from a foot and a half to about four feet apart; friendships or collegiality

Social distance

four feet to twelve feet apart; people with little to no connection

Public distance

from twelve feet on; conveys a formal situation

Haptics

- touch

Monochronic people

(doing things one at a time). Like to be on time like the Germans.

Olfactics

- meaning of smells

Vocalics

- meaning of voice. The goal is to have good vocal variety, inflection, etc.

Pitch

- how high or low your voice sounds when you speak

Volume

- how loud or soft a person's voice is

Tone (warmth)

- the emphasis placed on syllables, sounds, words, and phrases that result in the overall sense of "warmth" and interest in our voice

Rate

- how fast you deliver a message

Silent pauses

- occur when there's a momentary cessation of any sound

Vocalized pauses

- occur when people use sounds and words like "uh," "um," and "y'know" to fill the void

Gasps and sighs

- the use of breath to convey a message

Gasps

- surprise or fear

Sighs

- frustration, tiredness, or uncomfortablness