Energy Systems, Muscular Anatomy, and Movement Concepts - Video Notes

Flashcards covering energy systems (ATP-CP, lactic acid, aerobic), muscle fibers, muscle action (isometric/isotonic/concentric/eccentric), movement terms (flexion/extension/abduction/adduction), muscle mechanics (agonist/antagonist, tendons), and basic biomechanics concepts from the provided video notes.

What is the ATP-CP energy system and how long can it supply energy according to the notes?

It is a muscle energy source stored in the muscles; provides quick energy for about 10–30 seconds; CP donates phosphate back to ATP to resynthesize energy.

What does ATP stand for and what is its role in muscle contraction?

Adenosine Triphosphate; when broken down it releases energy that powers muscle contractions.

What is CP (Creatine Phosphate) and its role in energy production?

Creatine Phosphate; donates phosphate to ADP to regenerate ATP, allowing continued energy release for short bursts.

Describe the lactic acid energy system and its limitation.

Prolongs ATP supply but fails when oxygen is insufficient; produces lactic acid which can lead to fatigue.

Describe the aerobic energy system and when the anaerobic system kicks in.

Aerobic system uses oxygen to generate energy for longer, steady activities; when energy demand exceeds what oxygen can supply, the anaerobic system provides quick bursts of energy.

What determines which energy system dominates during activity?

The intensity of the activity; all systems work together and the dominant system varies with effort.

What are fast-twitch muscle fibres used for?

Fast-twitch fibres are for quick, powerful movements.

What are slow-twitch muscle fibres used for?

Slow-twitch fibres are for endurance and steady movement.

How is muscle force transmitted to bones?

Through tendons.

Define flexion and give an example.

A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts; e.g., bending the elbow or knee.

Define extension and give an example.

A movement that increases the angle between two body parts; e.g., straightening the elbow or knee.

What is an agonist and what is an antagonist? Give examples.

Agonist is the main muscle responsible for a movement (prime mover); e.g., biceps in a curl. Antagonist opposes the action and relaxes; e.g., triceps in a curl.

How do agonist and antagonist muscles work together during movement?

They work as a pair; when the agonist contracts, the antagonist relaxes to allow smooth, controlled movement.

What are dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

Dorsiflexion: toes move up toward the shin. Plantar flexion: toes point down.

What is isometric contraction?

Muscle contracts but does not change length; no movement occurs.

What is isotonic contraction, and what are its subtypes?

Isotonic contractions involve muscle changing length to create movement; includes concentric (shortening) and eccentric (lengthening) phases.

Define concentric and eccentric contractions.

Concentric: muscle shortens during contraction. Eccentric: muscle lengthens while producing movement.

Which muscle is listed as the prime mover for hip movement in the notes, and which is its antagonist?

Gluteus maximus is listed as the prime mover; antagonist listed as Iliopsoas (hip flexor).

Name a pair mentioned where the antagonist is the triceps, and the agonist is the biceps.

In a biceps curl, the biceps is the agonist (prime mover) and the triceps is the antagonist.

What are the three main functions of muscles as described in the notes?

Production of heat; maintaining a balanced posture; movement.

What is the relationship between line of gravity and base of support for stability?

If the line of gravity is outside the base of support, you are unstable.

What is a javelin angle of release and why is it mentioned?

Angle of release is a key factor in projectile motion; the notes reference a javelin throw as an example.

What is the basic idea behind inertia in movement as touched on in the notes?

Inertia relates to resistance to changes in motion; stability is affected by how the base of support and momentum interact.