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Purposes of cash flow statements
prediction of future cash flow, evaluation of managment decisions, relationship of bet income to cash flow, shows how the company is able to pay for its operations and future growth
Operating cash flow
Creating of revenue, expenses, gains and losses
Investing cash flow
Any inflows or outflows from a company’s long-term investments
Financing
Cash obtained and spent to equity investors and creditors
Operating cash flow calculation
Net profit is the starting profit
Non-cash transactions are reversed
Cash transactions which relate to operations, but are not included in net profit are added/deducted
Rule of investing cash flow
Company should re-invest at a minimum the amount of depreciation per year, so the total assets don’t get smaller
Free cash flow
Operating cash flow that can be freed up for new investment initiatives
Free cash flow formula
Operating cash flow - (cash needed for planned investing activities + scheduled debt repayments + normal dividends payments)
IAS 37
Provisions
Provisions
A present obligation that is a result of a past event, with the timing or amount of the future outflow is uncertain (>50)
Legal obligation
derives from a contract or legislation or operation of law
Constructive obligation
Derives from a company’s past actions whereby it has indicated to third parties that it will accept certain responsibilities
Expected value approach in regard to measurement of provisions
used when the measurement involves a population of items, weighting all possible outcomes by their associated probabilities
IAS 38.
Iintangible assets
Requirement for recognition of Intangible assets
Identifiability, Control by the enterprise, Existence of future economic benefits
Measurement of the initial value of intangible assets, when they were acquired
Acquisition cost, including all necessary costs to make the asset ready for its intended use
Measurement of the initial value of intangible assets, when they were internally generated
Measure through the sum of expenditure from the date when it first meets recognition criteria
Factors that signify the development phase (which must be recognised)
Technical feasibility
Intention and ability to use or sell it
Probable future economic benefits
Availability of resources
Reliable estimation of the expenses
Why can’t internally generated brands be recognized as an asset
Since the expenses are not distinguishable from costs of developing the business in general
Can patents be recognised as an asset
Yes, but issues with identification of the related costs
Goodwill (kinda IFRS 3)
Difference between the acquisition cost and the net (fair) value of the assets acquired
Cash generating unit
Smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash flow that are independent of other groups of assets
What does the cash generating unit represent
the earning power of company purchased
Goodwill and reduction in value
Impairment only approachH
How is impairment of goodwill is carried out
Recoverable amount of the CGU including is compared to its net carrying value including good will
Impairment is first allocated to the goodwill and then to the other assets compared to their carrying amount in the CGU
Processing of VAT
It’s netted in the system with each purpose and net amount is paid periodically to the tax authorities
Which financial statements does VAT affect
Only cash flow, it is not a part of revenue or expenses, so the profit remains unaffectedI
IAS 12
Income taxes
Placement of Income taxes on the P&L
Separate line
Other taxes and ancillary tax-related changes position
Component of the expenses in the profit before tax (ex: payroll related taxes)
Corporate income tax payable formula
taxable profit * tax rate
Deferred taxes
Taxes that will be received or paid in future accounting periods
What do the deferred taxes arise from
Some expenses are tax-deductible, some income is not taxable
Pipeline form accounting profit before tax to taxable profit
Disallowed expenses
Special allowance
Non-taxable income
= Taxable profit
Effective tax rate formula
income tax figure from P&L / pre-tax accounting profit
Group effective tax rate
Tax expense / Profit before tax
What is a major source of the difference between the effective and the statutory tax rate
Permanent differences (ex: meals and entertainment)