Lecture 5 - Blood Vessels

Hemorrhage

What blood vessel disorder is due to anoxia, toxemia, agonal, or deficiency in vitamin E-Se for pigs? It appears as petechia, ecchymoses, or suffusive, is found in the epicardium and pericardium, and can involve the myocardium, such as in mulberry heart disease.

Thrombosis

What blood vessel condition is predisposed for by Virchow’s triad, and is caused by primary endocarditis (left side thromboembolism), or atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries? Lesions appear as pale areas on the myocardium which will be collapsed and firm if it is chronic. Cardiac failure, secondary abscessation, scarring, and myocardial infarction can result.

Verminous

What type of arteritis can occur in horses due to strongylosis?

Saddle

What type of thrombi can occur especially in cats due to cardiomyopathy?

Fibrocartilaginous

What type of thrombi can occur due to IVDD? This will likely result in loss of blood flow to the spinal cord.

Hypertrophy

What growth disturbance can occur especially in cats, due to toxoplasmosis, ergot/fescue toxicosis, brisket disease in cattle, and appears as thick walls and medial hyperplasia?

Aneurysm

What condition results from dilation of a blood vessel which is a thin outpouching of the artery wall, leading to rupture? Cu deficiency, lathyrism/sweet pea toxicity, strongylosis in horses, and spirocercosis in dogs can cause this.

Varicosity

What is the term for a vein that becomes elongated and dilated?

Carotid

What artery in the horse, other than the aorta is also known to rupture in cases of guttural pouch mycosis, leading to epistaxis?

Thoracic duct

What vessel in dogs and cats can rupture, leading to a chylothorax?

Turkey

Male what poultry can be prone to aortic ruptures?

Arteriosclerosis

What degenerative condition can occur involving artery hardening, intimal fibrosis, age-related turbulent blood flow, chronic causes, lumen narrowing, forms firm white plaques, and increases in smooth muscle cells?

Atherosclerosis

What degenerative condition can occur due to lipid deposits in the vessel wall, increased cholesterol, hypothyroidism, increased LDL, atheroma, yellow-thick arteries, foam cells on the tunica intima, thrombosis, and ischemia? Birds are especially prone to this.

Arterial medial calcification

What degenerative condition is due to mineralization of elastic and muscular arteries? It can be due to vitamin D poisoning, hyperparathyroidism, Mg poisoning, cachexia, has solid/dense pipelike formations, basophilic granular mineral deposits and siderocalcinosis in aged horses?

Siderocalcinosis

What is the term for the arterial medial calcification of the cerebral arteries in aged horses, which is also known as iron rings?

Fibrinoid

Which type of necrosis occurs due to endothelial damage, accumulation of serum proteins, followed by fibrin polymerization in the vessel wall? An intense eosinophilic collar will obliterate the cell detail. It is caused by acute degeneration, inflammation of the small arteries, uremia and hypotension in dogs, is similar to hyaline degeneration but is positive for PAS and fibrin stains, and is seen alongside mulberry heart disease, edema disease, cerebrospinal angiopathy in pigs, and organic mercury toxicity.

Arteritis

What is the term for inflammation of the arteries, it is spread by multiple methods, uses constant flow and immune system as defense? It has many causes such as edema disease (e. coli), TME (h. somnus), diamond skin disease, dirofilariasis, and spirocercosis. S. vulgaris in horses can cause it. Hemorrhage, edema, infarction, thrombi, and endothelial necrosis can result.

Phlebitis

What is the term referring to inflammation of a vein? It uses the same defense and entry mechanisms as arteritis, and can spread through umbilical infection, faulty IV injection, local extension of inflammation, thrombosis, and embolism.

Omphalophlebitis

What type of phlebitis occurs due to neonatal umbilical infection? It is also called naval ill, and is caused by coliforms, streptococcus, T. pyogenes, and is found alongside polyarthritis, septicemia, umbilical abscess, and hepatic abscess.

Hemangioma

Which neoplasia is seen as a red “raspberry” shaped mass? It is usually seen on the skin and has cavernous endothelial-lined spaces filled with blood within the tumor.

Hemangiosarcoma

Which neoplasia is found in the spleen and heart and has multiple red masses defined by sheets of endothelium?

Hemangiopericytoma

Which neoplasia is most commonly found in the skin in dogs?

No

Can immune-mediated injury affect lymphatic vessels?