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250 Terms
What is the role of an operating system in modern computing?
Managing hardware resources and providing a user interface
3 multiple choice options
How do operating systems enhance the efficiency of computer systems?
By managing and coordinating hardware and software resources
3 multiple choice options
Which components are managed by an operating system?
CPU, memory, and device controllers
3 multiple choice options
What is the role of the operating system in handling I/O operations?
Managing data flow between hardware components
3 multiple choice options
What does dual mode operation in operating systems enable?
Differentiation between user mode and kernel mode operations
3 multiple choice options
How does an operating system prevent a single program from monopolizing the CPU?
By using a timer to interrupt programs
3 multiple choice options
Which type of operating system is suited for handling multiple programs running simultaneously?
Multiprogramming
3 multiple choice options
Which type of operating system allows multiple users to share resources effectively?
Distributed
3 multiple choice options
What is a significant limitation of operating systems in managing computer resources?
Susceptibility to security vulnerabilities
3 multiple choice options
How do operating systems protect data and maintain system integrity?
By isolating processes and controlling access to resources
3 multiple choice options
Which function does the file system service in an operating system primarily provide?
Managing data storage
3 multiple choice options
How does the error detection service contribute to system stability?
By constantly monitoring and correcting faults
3 multiple choice options
How does a graphical user interface (GUI) benefit users interacting with an operating system?
By allowing users to interact with the system using visual elements
3 multiple choice options
Which aspect of system services enhances user experience in mobile devices?
Touch-screen interfaces
3 multiple choice options
Which role do system calls play in an operating system?
Acting as a bridge between applications and the kernel
3 multiple choice options
Which system call is used for file management?
ReadFile()
3 multiple choice options
Which characteristic defines a single-processor system?
Utilizing a single CPU core for executing instructions
3 multiple choice options
Which benefit do multiprocessor systems provide over single-processor systems?
Increased throughput and efficiency for tasks
3 multiple choice options
What is the purpose of system utilities in an operating system?
Facilitating program development and execution
3 multiple choice options
Which operating system structure separates functionality into multiple layers?
Layered structure
3 multiple choice options
Which vulnerability can be exploited by malicious actors to gain unauthorized access to operating systems?
Buffer overflows
3 multiple choice options
What is the primary purpose of asymmetric clustering in a clustered system?
To ensure one computer is always in hot-standby mode
3 multiple choice options
Which system service enables the operating system to interact with peripheral hardware, such as disk drives and printers?
Device management
3 multiple choice options
What is the role of a process in a computer system?
Executing user and system tasks
3 multiple choice options
Which state is a process when it is paused and is not currently being executed?
Waiting
3 multiple choice options
How does a context switch impact CPU performance?
It temporarily suspends the current process to switch to another.
3 multiple choice options
What is the purpose of scheduling queues in process management?
To manage the order of process execution
3 multiple choice options
What is the result of a fork() system call in Unix?
Creation of a child process
3 multiple choice options
Which mechanism allows processes to work together without interfering with each other?
Communication through interprocess mechanisms
3 multiple choice options
Which method involves processes exchanging data by sending and receiving messages?
Message passing
3 multiple choice options
How does synchronization ensure proper process execution?
By preventing simultaneous access to shared resources
3 multiple choice options
Which type of thread is managed directly by the operating system?
Kernel-level
3 multiple choice options
What is a significant advantage of using multithreading in applications?
It increases responsiveness and resource sharing.
3 multiple choice options
What is the coordination of processes used to ensure they operate without interfering with each other?
Synchronization
3 multiple choice options
What is a situation where the outcome of a process execution depends on the specific order in which processes access shared data?
Race condition
3 multiple choice options
How can processes avoid race conditions in a multiprocessor environment?
By employing synchronization mechanisms
3 multiple choice options
Which mechanism ensures exclusive access to a critical section by allowing only one process to enter at a time?
Mutex lock
3 multiple choice options
Which mechanism uses counters to control access to resources, allowing processes to wait for availability and signal completion?
Semaphore
3 multiple choice options
Which type of semaphore behaves similarly to a mutex lock, allowing only one process to access a critical section at a time?
Binary
3 multiple choice options
Which classic synchronization problem involves ensuring that multiple readers can access shared data simultaneously but only one writer can modify it at a time?
Readers-writers problem
3 multiple choice options
What does the dining philosophers problem illustrate in terms of synchronization?
The complexity of managing multiple resources among multiple processes
3 multiple choice options
Which synchronization construct encapsulates data and operations, ensuring mutual exclusion and simplifying process synchronization management?
Monitor
3 multiple choice options
How does a monitor ensure that only one process can access shared data at a time?
By implementing condition variables
3 multiple choice options
What is the method used to determine which processes will be assigned to the CPU for execution?
CPU scheduling
3 multiple choice options
How does a preemptive scheduling algorithm differ from a non-preemptive scheduling algorithm?
Preemptive scheduling can interrupt a running process to assign the CPU to another process.
3 multiple choice options
Which criterion measures the total time taken from the submission of a process to its completion?
Turnaround time
3 multiple choice options
Which scheduling criterion aims to keep the CPU as busy as possible?
Utilization
3 multiple choice options
Which scheduling algorithm executes the process that arrives first?
First-come, first-served
3 multiple choice options
How does shortest job first scheduling determine the order of process execution?
By the length of the next CPU burst of each process
3 multiple choice options
Which scheduling algorithm allocates a fixed time slice to each process in the ready queue?
Round-robin
3 multiple choice options
How is real-time scheduling different from traditional scheduling algorithms?
Real-time scheduling ensures processes meet deadlines.
3 multiple choice options
Which type of scheduling uses multiple queues, each with its own scheduling algorithm?
Multilevel queue
3 multiple choice options
What is the purpose of load balancing in multiprocessor scheduling?
To ensure equal distribution of tasks across processors
3 multiple choice options
Maria is developing a software application where multiple threads request and hold resources while waiting for additional ones.
How would this approach cause a deadlock situation?
Threads wait for resources while holding others, causing a circular wait.
3 multiple choice options
In a database management system at Alliah Company, cycles in a wait-for graph have been identified.
What should the system administrator conclude?
There is a potential deadlock in the system.
3 multiple choice options
A set of processes in a production server at Synesthor are unable to proceed because each process is holding a resource and waiting for another.
Which condition must be present for this deadlock to occur?
Mutual exclusion
3 multiple choice options
The system administrator is analyzing a resource allocation graph (RAG) for a project at Merrilton Robotics.
How can this graph help the system administrator understand potential deadlocks?
By illustrating resource requests and allocations
3 multiple choice options
Jack is tasked with implementing a strategy at Quiet Flag Industries to prevent deadlocks in their manufacturing control system.
Which strategy should Jack use to ensure a process does not retain resources while requesting another?
Hold and wait prevention
3 multiple choice options
Hannah is using the banker's algorithm to avoid deadlocks in her software at Rusty RoboTech.
How does this algorithm help her?
By checking if resource allocation leaves the system in a safe state before proceeding
3 multiple choice options
Daniel is responsible for monitoring resource usage on his company's servers.
Which method should be used to identify potential deadlocks in the system?
Deadlock detection
3 multiple choice options
Lucas is developing a recovery strategy after a deadlock has been detected in the inventory management system at Kretsmart.
What should the strategy include?
Terminating one or more deadlocked processes to break the cycle
3 multiple choice options
At West Oak Cove School, Li needs to resolve a deadlock by using resource preemption.
Which action should Li take?
Force a process to release a resource it holds
3 multiple choice options
Omar is working on a database management system at Seawaibee that frequently experiences deadlocks due to resource allocation.
Which technique should Omar use to resolve this issue?
Circular wait prevention
3 multiple choice options
What are the two primary types of parallelism used in multicore programming?
Data parallelism and task parallelism
3 multiple choice options
Which classic synchronization problem emphasizes the importance of semaphores or mutex locks to coordinate the access to shared data to prevent race conditions?
Producer-consumer problem
3 multiple choice options
What is a disadvantage of using busy waiting for process synchronization?
High resource utilization
3 multiple choice options
What happens when the CPU is free in a first-come, first-served (FCFS) scheduling system?
The process at the head of the queue is selected.
3 multiple choice options
A cloud service provider allocates resources to multiple virtual machines. However, if all virtual machines simultaneously request their maximum declared resources, the system may not be able to avoid deadlock. Which term describes the system's state in this scenario?
Unsafe state
3 multiple choice options
During a high-demand period, an operating system is struggling to efficiently allocate CPU time, memory, and storage among multiple running processes, leading to performance bottlenecks. Which strategy might improve the operating system's efficiency in this scenario?
Dynamic allocation
3 multiple choice options
What defines a logical address space using base and limit registers?
Base and limit registers
3 multiple choice options
How do base and limit registers contribute to hardware address protection?
By defining the range of accessible addresses
3 multiple choice options
Which process binds logical addresses to physical addresses?
Address binding
3 multiple choice options
Which characteristic differentiates a logical address space from a physical address space?
Logical address space is used by the CPU, while physical address space is used by memory.
3 multiple choice options
Which mechanism protects memory from being accessed incorrectly?
Memory protection
3 multiple choice options
How is memory allocated and managed in a system?
By using fixed and variable partitions
3 multiple choice options
What ensures that each process has its own separate memory space?
Memory protection
3 multiple choice options
Which issue is caused by fixed partition memory management?
Internal fragmentation
3 multiple choice options
What causes external fragmentation in memory management?
Dynamic allocation of memory blocks
3 multiple choice options
What is the 50% rule in memory management?
50% of memory is lost to fragmentation.
3 multiple choice options
How does the translation look-aside buffer (TLB) enhance memory management in an operating system?
By speeding up address translation
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of a page table in the context of paging?
To store frame addresses
3 multiple choice options
How does segmentation improve memory management?
By allowing different segments
3 multiple choice options
What is a limitation of segmentation in memory management?
It causes external fragmentation.
3 multiple choice options
How does segmented paging enhance memory management compared to traditional segmentation?
By avoiding fragmentation
3 multiple choice options
What role does a segment table play in segmented paging?
Stores segment bases
3 multiple choice options
What is the purpose of swapping in memory management?
To move inactive processes
3 multiple choice options
How does swapping differ in mobile systems compared to traditional systems?
Often not supported due to constraints
3 multiple choice options
What is a backing store in the context of swapping?
Storage for swapped-out processes
3 multiple choice options
How does swapping help in managing memory in a multitasking environment?
Handling more processes than physical memory
3 multiple choice options
What is an advantage of using virtual memory in an operating system?
Allows programs to use more memory
3 multiple choice options
How does demand paging optimize memory usage?
Loads only the necessary parts of a program
3 multiple choice options
What happens when a process tries to access a page that is not currently in memory?
A page fault occurs.
3 multiple choice options
What is pure demand paging?
Loading pages only when needed
3 multiple choice options
Which mechanism is used to handle page faults efficiently in demand paging?
Valid-invalid bit
3 multiple choice options
What is the purpose of page replacement in memory management?
Replace less frequently used pages
3 multiple choice options
Which algorithm replaces the page not used for the longest time?
Least recently used
3 multiple choice options
What is a disadvantage of the optimal page replacement algorithm?
It requires future knowledge of reference strings.
3 multiple choice options
How does the translation look-aside buffer (TLB) enhance memory management?
By speeding up address translation
3 multiple choice options
What is thrashing in memory management?
When the CPU spends excessive time swapping pages
3 multiple choice options
What is the term for the wasted memory between allocated partitions in fixed partitioning memory management?
External fragmentation
3 multiple choice options
Note 
Flashcards (25)