Clinical Assessment

How is output measured?

How is output measured?

Graduated containers or bags

What does it mean to "force fluids?"

To remind the patient to drink each time you are in the room

Which of the following is NOT an example of intake that should be counted on an Intake and Output chart?

1. Jello

2. Crackers

3. Antibiotic IV

4. Saline irrigation

1. Jello

2. Crackers<------

3. Antibiotic IV

4. Saline irrigation

How many milliliters are equal to 10 ounces?

1. 1 mL

2. 30 mL

3. 100 mL

4. 300 mL

1 mL 30 mL 100 mL 300 mL<----

How many cubic centimeters are equal to 6 ounces?

1. 60 mL

2. 30 mL

3. 180 mL

4. 360 mL

60 mL 30 mL 180 mL<---- 360 mL

Why are Intake and Output charts important?

To prevent dehydration or over-hydration

How many milliliters are equal to 1 ounce?

1. 1 mL

2. 3 mL

3. 10 mL

4. 30 mL

1 mL 3 mL 10 mL 30 mL<------

True or False: The daily intake should be almost the same as the daily output

True

What is the minimum amount of water that an average sized adult requires daily?

1500 mL

Which of the following is NOT an example of output?

1. Urine and feces

2. Emesis

3. Blood platelet IV

4. Irrigation drainage

Urine and feces Emesis Blood platelet IV<--------- Irrigation drainage

What can happen to fluid balance when illness occurs in the body?

It could cause edema or dehydration

How do you convert ounces to ml?

30 mL or cc = 1 oz (ounce)

Why might a patient’s fluid balance be abnormal.

heart or kidney disease, or loses large amounts of fluids through vomiting, diarrhea, excessive perspiration, or bleeding

Routs of intake

Oral, Tube/enteral feeding, IV, Irrigation

A patient is on I&O. Which of these is TRUE? The patient -

1. Can urinate into the toilet

2. Can place used tissues into the bedpan

3. Can use the bedpan, bedside commode, or urinal

4. Needs to tell you the approximate amounts of urine excreted and fluids taken

1. Can urinate into the toilet

2. Can place used tissues into the bedpan

3. Can use the bedpan, bedside commode, or urinal <------

4. Needs to tell you the approximate amounts of urine excreted and fluids taken

Signs=Objective evidence

-Facts that can be seen or measured

Rashes, bruises, pressure ulcers, elevated temperature, rapid heartbeat

Symptoms= Subjective evidence

-Facts patient tells you either verbally or through body language

Pain

Civil law

legal relationships between people and the protection of a person’s rights

Criminal law

wrongs against a person, property, or society

Malpractice

Failure of a professional to use skill and learning expected in individual’s profession, resulting in injury, loss, or damage to the person receiving care

Ex: physician not administering a tetanus injection when a patient has a puncture wound

Negligence

Failure to give care that is normally expected of a person in a particular position, resulting in injury to another person

Ex: falls and injuries that

occur when siderails are left down

Assault

a threat or attempt to injure

Battery

unlawful touching of another person without consent

Informed Consent

Permission granted voluntarily by a person and all risks have been explained in terms the person can understand.

Invasion of Privacy

Unnecessarily exposing an individual or \n revealing personal information about an \n individual without consent

Defamation

false statements cause a person to be ridiculed or damages the person’s reputation

Slander

Verbal defamation

Libel

Written defamation

HIPAA States

Personal medical information may not be disclosed for marketing purposes.

Health care practitioners should take reasonable precautions to ensure that their communications with the person are confidential

People may file complaints about privacy practices of health care practitioners

HIPAA States

People should normally be able to see and obtain copies of their medical records and request corrections if they find mistakes.

Health care practitioners should routinely disclose their practices regarding privacy of personal medical information.

Health care practitioners may share the person's medical information, but only among themselves and only as much as is necessary to provide medical care.

Ethics

A set of principles relating to what is morally right or wrong

Individuals who have legal disabilities

Minors, Mentally incompetent people, and individuals under the influence of drugs that alter the mental state

According to HIPAA, which is TRUE?

1. PHI includes address, age, gender, ph #, license # and other personal information

2. Failing to follow HIPAA guidelines would be malpractice

3. Failing to follow HIPAA guidelines would be invasion of privacy

4. both A and C only

5. all are True

Diastole

The pressure in the walls of the arteries when the heart is at rest or in between contractions.

Systole

The walls of the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is contracting and pushing blood into the arteries.

blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules

Capillaries