Lecture 8 Biological Macromolecules

What is the Monomer of Carboyhydrates

Monoscarchride

What is the Monomer of lipids

Fatty Acid

What is the Monomer of protein

Amino Acids

What is the Monomer of Nucleic Acids

Nucleotide

Nucleic Acids 

• heterogenous 

• DNA and RNA 

• conncected by covalent bonds

How is a Nucleotide is made up

• phosphate group

• nitrogenous base 

• sugar 

Where is DNA located

Nucleus

What does DNA do

passes genes from one geeneration to the next

Where is RNA Located

cytoplasm

what does RNA do

carries information from DNA to the cytoplasm

• functions in protein synthesis 

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

DNA—>transciprtion—>RNA—→Translation—→Portein-amino sicd sequence

What are Carboydrates

• organic molecules made of sugars

• play a role in storage,formation of structure, and cellular recongintion

What are Monosachrrides

• simple sugars

• monomer for disaccharids

• major nutrins in cells

• ex: glucose,frutose,galactose

What re Disaccharides

two sugar monomer linked together

• boneded by covalent glycoside bond 

• are the form of sugar i food we eat 

• ex: Maltose,lactose,sucrose

What are polyscchrarides

many sugars by covalent glycosidic bonds

• energy storage:starch and glycogen

• structural support: cellulose and chitin

• complext carboyhrates

What makes a substance a lipids

• hydrophobic 

• do not mix with water

• ex: fats, steroids,phospholipids

What are lipids function

• energy stoage fats

• separates the cell from its surroundings

• signaling steriod homones 

How are triglycerids are made up

three fatty acids and 1 glycerol

• energy stoarge

• heat insulation 

• cushioning of vital organs 

Saturated vs Unsaturated Fats

saturated

• maxiumum number of hydrogens

Unsaturated 

• at least 1 double bond

Phospholipids

• major composed of cell membranes

• made up of glycerol backbon, 2 fatty acids, and phosphate gorup ( negatively charged)