MT 26 (LEC): Trematodes

True or False: All adult trematodes are leaf-shaped and hermaphroditic.

False.

Identify the only trematode species with separate sexes.

Schistosoma spp.

Fill in the blank: is the infective stage of most flukes to humans.

Metacercariae.

What organ is most commonly affected in paragonimiasis?

Lungs.

True or False: Schistosome eggs are operculated.

False.

Identify the trematode whose adult worm resembles an “old-fashioned electric bulb.”

Clonorchis sinensis.

True or False: Dicrocoelium dendriticum infection can be acquired by ingesting infected ants.

True.

Fill in the blank: fluke eggs are characterized by a knob or spine.

Schistosoma.

Identify the common name for Fasciolopsis buski.

Giant intestinal fluke.

True or False: Heterophyids possess three suckers including a genital sucker.

True.

What test is used for serologic diagnosis of schistosomiasis?

Cercaral-Oval Precipitin Test (COPT).

Identify the fluke associated with ingestion of freshwater crabs.

Paragonimus westermani.

Fill in the blank: is a complication caused by liver flukes due to bile duct inflammation.

Cholangitis.

True or False: Fasciola hepatica infection is acquired through ingestion of aquatic plants.

True.

Identify the trematode that causes hematuria due to vesical schistosomiasis.

Schistosoma haematobium.

Fill in the blank: The larval stage of trematodes infects snails as the first intermediate host.

Miracidium.

True or False: Metacercariae are found in aquatic vegetation or secondary hosts like crabs or fish.

True.

What fluke infects the lungs and is associated with sputum containing operculated eggs?

Paragonimus westermani.

Fill in the blank: is the condition caused by Fasciola hepatica that results in liver damage.

Fascioliasis.

Identify the trematode with lateral spine on its egg.

Schistosoma mansoni.

True or False: Schistosomes have separate sexes and live in blood vessels.

True.

What fluke is associated with ingestion of infected ants?

Dicrocoelium dendriticum.

Fill in the blank: The larval form of trematodes emerges from rediae in the snail host.

Cercaria.

True or False: Schistosome eggs are non-operculated and passed fully embryonated.

True.

Fill in the blank: The first intermediate host in trematode life cycles is always a .

Snail.

Identify the fluke responsible for hematuria and bladder wall granuloma.

Schistosoma haematobium.

True or False: All trematodes undergo sexual reproduction in their definitive host.

True.

What stage of the fluke emerges from the snail to infect the second intermediate host or encyst?

Cercaria.

Fill in the blank: The diagnostic stage of most trematodes is the .

Egg.

What fluke has a terminal spine in its egg?

Schistosoma haematobium.

True or False: Ectopic lesions are common in Paragonimus infections.

True.

Identify the larval stage that encysts on aquatic vegetation.

Metacercaria.

Fill in the blank: The is the fluke associated with ingestion of raw water plants.

Fasciola hepatica.

True or False: Paragonimus westermani can be found in sputum samples.

True.

What trematode causes biliary obstruction and liver fibrosis?

Clonorchis sinensis.

Fill in the blank: The adult form of has a distinct shoulder-like collar.

Fasciolopsis buski.

Identify the intestinal fluke with similar morphology to liver flukes.

Fasciolopsis buski.

True or False: Clonorchiasis is endemic in East Asian countries.

True.

Fill in the blank: eggs are small, operculated, and have a prominent shoulder.

Clonorchis sinensis.

What fluke uses ants as its second intermediate host?

Dicrocoelium dendriticum.

True or False: Schistosome cercariae penetrate intact human skin.

True.

Fill in the blank: is the site of adult Schistosoma mansoni.

Inferior mesenteric veins.

Identify the fluke whose eggs have a lateral spine.

Schistosoma mansoni.

What fluke’s metacercariae are found in freshwater crabs?

Paragonimus westermani.

True or False: The eggs of Paragonimus may be confused with TB in sputum.

True.

Fill in the blank: Adult reside in the urinary bladder venous plexus.

Schistosoma haematobium.

What is the typical location of Dicrocoelium adults in the human host?

Bile ducts.

True or False: Human infection with Dicrocoelium occurs via ingestion of infected ants.

True.

Fill in the blank: The stage of trematodes is responsible for penetration into snail hosts.

Miracidium.

What diagnostic feature distinguishes Schistosoma species eggs?

Spine location.

True or False: Fasciola hepatica infection may lead to hepatic abscess.

True.

Fill in the blank: infection is characterized by "Katayama fever."

Schistosoma japonicum.

Identify the fluke that can cause ectopic brain lesions.

Schistosoma japonicum.

True or False: Most fluke eggs are operculated except Schistosomes.

True.

What fluke has the highest egg-laying capacity?

Schistosoma japonicum.

Fill in the blank: causes the disease known as oriental lung fluke infection.

Paragonimus westermani.

Identify the larval form responsible for autoinfection in schistosomiasis.

None; schistosomes don't autoinfect.

True or False: Humans are dead-end hosts in many zoonotic trematode infections.

True.

Fill in the blank: In Clonorchis infection, inflammation occurs in the .

Bile ducts.

What trematode is commonly associated with gallstones and cholangitis?

Clonorchis sinensis.

True or False: Schistosomiasis may lead to portal hypertension.

True.

Fill in the blank: Cercariae of Schistosoma spp. exhibit a forked tail.

Bifurcated.

What test is useful for diagnosing acute schistosomiasis?

Cercaral precipitin test.

True or False: All Schistosomes have different intermediate snail hosts.

True.

Identify the trematode that can be diagnosed from urine samples.

Schistosoma haematobium.

Fill in the blank: The adult worm of resides in the mesenteric veins of the colon.

Schistosoma mansoni.

True or False: Chronic Paragonimus infection may mimic pulmonary tuberculosis.

True.

What trematode causes massive hepatosplenomegaly in chronic cases?

Schistosoma japonicum.

Fill in the blank: The second intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis is a .

Freshwater fish.

What tissue-invasive fluke causes granulomatous inflammation in lungs?

Paragonimus westermani.

True or False: Praziquantel is the drug of choice for all major trematode infections.

True.

Fill in the blank: Operculated eggs with a shoulder are characteristic of .

Clonorchis sinensis.

Identify the trematode whose adult form shows oral and ventral suckers.

Most flukes (general feature).

True or False: Schistosomes are the only dioecious trematodes.

True