Chemistry 1.1 - 1.2 Test (Definitions Only)

Beaker

Holds liquids, may be graduated, white spot for labeling

Erlenmeyer flask

Holds liquids, shape avoids loss due to splashing, used for titration

Florence Flask

Heats liquids, Shape allows even distribution of heat while boiling, never graduated

Test tubes

hold liquids or solids, can be heated directly or in water bath, may be used to mix small quantities of chemicals, large variety of sizes

Fluted funnel

Funneling liquids, useful for pouring liquids through small openings, can contain filter paper for separating solids from suspensions by filtration

evaporating dish

evaporating solvent, can be used to dry a damp product, ceramic material allows direct heat to high temperatures

watch glass

holding or covering, useful for holding a sample of chemical, may cover a beaker or flask to prevent evaporation, hold chemicals while drying

crucible

heating to high temperatures, heating covered partially covered samples, ceramic material may be directly heated until read hot

pipe stem triangle/clay triangle

provides a base to hold a crucible, sits atop a wrought-iron ring, stems are made of ceramic material

graduated cylinder

measuring volumes of liquids, sizes vary

burette

measuring volumes of liquids, delivers various volumes through a valve called a stop cock, more precise (exact) than the graduated cylinder

pipette

measuring volumes of liquids, may be graduated, may be volumetric, liquid is drawn up with a pipette bulb or suction device

thermometer

measuring temperatures, commonly measure temperature in degrees Celsius

Ring stand

providing a post to attach, can attach ring clamps, burette clamps extension clamps etc ,also called a utility stand

Ring clamp

Attaching to rind stand, supports a ceramic pads, pipe stem triangle, or an evaporating dish, may surround a baker as a safety ring

Burette clamp/utility clamp

attaches to ring stand, may hold a test tubes in a station position, may support the neck of a flask, holds a burette

flint striker

lights bunsen burner, provides a spark by moving a flint across a file

Bunsen burner

provides heat, adjusts flame temperature by addition of air through the barrel, adjust flame height by turning the regulator valve

test tube holder

holds test tubes, used for heating tubes over flames, used for removing tes tubes from water baths

beaker tongs

lifts hot beakers, rubber cover allows thongs to firmly grasp and move beakers of all sizes

crucible tongs

holds hot crucibles, may remove or adjust crucible lid, hold hot evaporating dishes, NOT designed for lifting beakers or test tubes

ceramic pad

provides base for holding glassware, sits atop a wrought-iron ring, provides a flat surface for beakers or flasks, sometimes called a wire guaze

scoopula

moving samples of solids, sometimes called spatula, should NOT be used as a stirring rod

oxidizers

A chemical symbol indicating a substance that can cause another substance to lose electrons (e.g., in a combustion reaction)

Flammable/combustible

A chemical symbol indicating a substance that can easily ignite and burn rapidly

Explosive material

A chemical symbol indicating a substance that can explode violently when subjected to heat, shock, or friction

Acute toxicity

A chemical symbol indicating a substance that can cause severe immediate health effects via a single exposure (e.g., poisoning)

Corrosion

A chemical symbol indicating a substance that can cause visible destruction or irreversible alterations to living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact

Gas under pressure

A chemical symbol indicating a gas stored under pressure which may explode if heated

Carcinogen toxic to humans

A chemical symbol indicating a substance that can cause cancer, reproductive harm, or damage to specific target organs

Irritant or narcotic effects

A chemical symbol indicating a substance that can cause skin/eye irritation, respiratory irritation, or drowsiness/dizziness (narcotic effects)

Aquatic toxicity

A chemical symbol indicating a substance that is toxic to aquatic life, potentially causing long-lasting harmful effects to marine or freshwater ecosystems

Scientific Method

true method to solving problems

Observation

First step of scientific method, involves collecting data

Quantative

numbers or quantities

qualitative

qualities or changes in the quality of matter

hypothesis

second step of scientific method,“if…then” statement that explains observations

Experimentation

third step of scientific method, determines whether hypothesis is accurate or not

sources of error

errors that we have no control over

mistakes

errors humans do

Theory

fourth step of scientific notation, cohearent set of explanations

model

explains the collection of obervations

law

different from a theory, general statement of fact, related to math

Robert Boyle

pioneered the use of the scientific method

scientific notation

method of representing numbers in exponential form,

standard scientific notation

one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal

mantissa/decimal portion

first portion of the scientific notation, should always be expressed as a number between 1 and 10

ordinate/exponential portion

second potion of scientific notation, the base 10 raised to some power

positive exponent

indicated large number in scientific notation, the number of places the decimal must be moved to the right

negative exponent

indicated a small number in scientific notation, the number of places the decimal must be moved to the left

dependent variable

value that responds to the variation

independant variable

value that is not affected

“Time”

nearly always independent

fume hood

enclosed area equipped with fans to draw vapors out of the hood and vent them outside, contains gas jets, sinks, lights, electrical outlet, and maybe chemicals emitting toxic fumes

eyewash station

used to wash chemicals out of eye, eyes should be held open and rinsed continuously for 10-15 mins, used by pushing on a hand bar or foot petal

safety shower

spills a large portion of the body require removal of clothing and washing of the entire region for 10-15 mins, used by pulling ring and will poor 200L of water

Fire extinguisher

sets out fires, used by pulling safety pin from the top, should never be used on a person, contain carbon dioxide and ar good for class A,B, and C fires

Type A fire

wood or paper

Type B fire

oil or grease (most Chemicals)

Type C fire

electrical equipment

Fire blanket

used to put out a fire on a person, may be enclosed in a box

emergency gas shut off

allows all gas out kets in laboratory to b shut off, turn handle perpendicular to the gas line or push large red button

Spill control station

may contain, absorbent pillows to soak up spills, safety goggles, and gloves, and chemicals to neutralize acid and base spills

acid spills

should be neutralized with sodium bicarbonate o baking soda

base spills

should be neutralized with acetic acid or vinegar

First Aid Kit

all labs should have this, should contain antibiotic cream or ointment and plenty of bandages

Glass disposal container

a plastic bucket or specially designated recyclables box for disposal of glass

chemical disposal

clear containers marked for disposing solutions or precipitates containing heavy metals or any toxic chemical

Fire Alarm

Must know where this is