RADAR / LIDAR - CVTC LEA 2024

It takes .____ hundreds of a second to PERCEIVE an occurrence?

.75 hundreds

What is one of the most prevalent factors contributing to traffic crashes.

speeding

The average driver requires how many seconds to PERCEIVE and REACT to an occurrence?

1.5 seconds

In the basic formula to determine speed, what does S=D÷T stand for?

Speed, Distance and Time

What does RADAR stand for?

RAdio
Detection
And
Ranging

In what year was the FIRST RADAR unit implemented?

1941 in Connecticut

Components of a Radar Unit

1. Antenna
2. Box/Counting Unit
3. Power Source

When should you test the accuracy of the unit?

Beginning and end of each shift.

Calibration must be accurate within....

+ or - 1MPH

In Memphis, what is the "city speed" unless posted otherwise?

30MPH

Visual observation, audio conformation and device corroboration are part of....?

Tracking History

A reading resulting from the UNINTENTIONAL INTERCEPTION of a moving object, harmonic or microwaving signals is defined as...?

Interference

What does RFI stand for?

Radio Frequency Interference

What affects LIDAR accuracy?.

Nothing.

Rain and other precipitation can affect what on RADAR?

Range

The X-Band RADAR frequency is

10.525 Gigahertz.

The K-Band RADAR frequency is

24.150 Gigahertz

RADAR operates on the _______ principal.

Doppler Principal

What is formula to compute target speed?

TS = CS - PS

What does LASER stand for?

Light
Amplification by
Stimulated
Emission of
Radiation

What does LiDAR stand for?

Light Detection and Ranging

Who DESIGNED the first laser?

Gordon Gould (1957)

What type if laser does LIDAR use?

Semiconductor.

What is the frequency of LIDAR?

330 Terahertz.

How fast is a LIDAR (LASER) signal travel?

Speed of Light

Pulses of _____ are generated by the laser.

Pulses of LIGHT

What is the most important part of a unit?

The Lens

In LIDAR, the Cosine effect is in whose favor?

Motorists

Lasers in the units are class ___.

Class 1. The ONLY eye safe classification.

Vehicles APPROCHING the unit ________ the waves.

Compress the waves.

What system do we use today?

X-Band

What substance does LIDAR use for light to pass through?

Gallium - Arsenide Diodes

_____ Waves are used in the RADAR system.

Radio waves.

Do LASER beams have a higher or lower frequency than radio waves?

Higher.

Distance test __________ the unit.

calibrates

What affects a LIDAR accuracy?

nothing (none of the above)

On a citation, which officers' name is circled?

The officer who is operating the unit.

Traffic RADAR speed measurement devices determine speeds by measuring changes in the signal's .......

frequency

If RADAR is affected by the Shadowing effect, what would window read if you have one vehicle moving away at 35 mph and one moving towards you at 65 mph?

30 mph

A mechanical self-resonant device, which when excited, produces free oscillation that may be used to generate a pseudo Doppler frequency reference when placed in RADAR beam

Tuning Fork

Thomas v. City of Norfolk states what?

must test for accuracy at beginning and end of the each shift

State V. Tomanelli states what?

must be accurate within + or - 1 mph

What should you do if RADAR fails any of the calibration checks?

DO NOT USE and shop immediately

Honeycutt v. Commonwealth states what?

operator need not be able to explain the internal workings of the radar instrument

Stafford V. Karmann states what?

operator's testimony is admissible as "lay opinion."

What can interfere with RADAR?

Amplified sounds, vibrating objects

The speed of all radio signals is ____________ at the speed of light.

always (constant)

number of recurrence of a signal during one second

frequency

distance from the beginning of the peak to the end of the valley

wavelength

usually consists of many cycles

wave

Proper Site selection to run radar is based on:

traffic crash history; citizen complaints; observed violations

Frequency of a wave is _____________ to the ________________ between the source and observer.

relative / motion

Radar goes out continuously unless it is:

reflected, refracted, or absorbed

What is the correct order that RADAR uses information to base its decision making on?

reflective capabilities, position, speed

Reliability of a specific speed reading may be based on:

all of the above

What is the pre-operational stage of LIDAR?

visual inspection of the instrument; installation of instrument; accuracy check of instrument

Audio confirmation is by

pitch of audio

Visual observation includes

observation of the environment

What is the number one consideration in site selection?

Officer Safety (be aware of surroundings; plan your exit; be observant)

State V. Hanson states:

operator must have sufficient training and experience in the operation of the equipment and the equipment must be in proper working condition when violation took place

The strength of the signal

amplitude

Pacing must be done for how far?

2 blocks or more

Formula to determine speed

s=d/t