lab 6 physio

pH of blood

7.35-7.45

albumins

60"% of total plasma protein volume; osmotic pressure of plasma and homeostatic mechanisms for water retention

globulins

transport proteins and antibodies; 36% of plasma proteins

fibrinogen and prothrombin

clotting proteins and form 4% of plasma proteins

formed elements

RBCs, WBCs, platelets; 45% of total volume

hematocrit

the ratio of RBSs to total blood volume; determine the ability to provide oxygen carrying capacity to tissues

leukocytosis

increase in the WBC count caused by infections or cancers

leukopenia

decrease in the WBC count caused by infections, increased stress, adrenal hyperfunction

megakaryocyte

large bone marrow cells that create platelets

thrombocytopenia

too few platelets that causes uncontrolled bleeding

iron deficiency anemia

inadequate intake of iron affects oxygen carrying capacity through insufficient formation of heme groups for hemoglobin molecules

pernicious anemia

deficiency of vitamin b12; lacks intrinsic factor secreted by the stomach

hemorrhagic anemia

loss of blood

hemolytic anemia

rupture of RBCs due to transfusion mismatch, bacterial or parasitic infections

aplastic anemias

destruction or inhibition of the red bone marrow

neutrophils

most abundant WBC, 50-70%; increase during acute bacterial infections;

eosinophils

1-4%; increase during parasitic worm infections, destroy cancer cells, reduce allergic reactions

granulocytes

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

basophils

<1; contain histaminesl increase during allergic reactions, hemolytic anemia, small pox, and chicken pox

agranulocytes

lymphocytes and monocytes

lymphocytes

20-40%; big nucleus, mediate specific immune responses

t lymphocytes

fight against infected cells and tumors

b lymphocytes

production of antibodies against foreign antigens

monocytes

largest WBC, 4-8%, kindye shaped nucleus; macrophages

Type A+

Give: A+, AB+

Receive: A+, A-, O+, O-

Type O+

Give: O+, A+, B+, AB+

Receive: O+, O-

Type B+

Give: B+, AB+

Receive: B+, B-, O+, O-

Type AB+

Give: AB+

Receive: everyone

Type A-

Give: A+, A-, AB+, AB-

Receive: A-, O-

Type O-

give: everyone

receive: o-

Type B-

give: B+, B-, AB+, AB-

receive: B-, O-

Type AB-

give: AB+, AB-

receive: AB-, A-, B-, O-