Biology Chapter 7 Test

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Test Date: Dec. 17th

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60 Terms

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Cell

smallest unit of structure and function in all living things

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Cell theory (1/3)

all living things are made of cells

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Cell theory (2/3)

cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms

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Cell theory (3/3)

new cells are produced from existing cells

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Eukaryotes (eukaryotic)

have DNA contained within a nucleus

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Prokaryotes (prokaryotic)

do not have their DNA contained within a nucleus

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Cell membrane (1/4)

consists of a double layer called the lipid layer

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Cell membrane (2/4)

regulates what enters and what leaves the cell

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Cell membrane (3/4)

protects and supports the cell

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Cell membrane (4/4)

is selectively permeable

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selectively permeable

some substances can pass through while others cannot

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Cell Wall

is found external to the membrane

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Cytoplasm

the fluid portion of the cell

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vacuoles

store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

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vesicles (1/2)

stores and moves materials between cell organelles

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vesicles (2/2)

also moves materials to and from the cell membrane

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Lysosomes (1/3)

small and filled with enzymes

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Lysosomes (2/3)

break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell

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Lysosomes (3/3)

break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness

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cytoskeleton (1/2)

maintains the shape and internal organization of the cell

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cytoskeleton (2/2)

helps to transport materials between different parts of the cell

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centrioles (1/2)

found in only animal cells

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centrioles (2/2)

help organize cell division

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cilia (cilium) (1/2)

short hair-like

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cilia (cilium) (2/2)

used for cell movement

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flagella (flagellum) (1/2)

long, whip-like

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flagella (flagellum) (2/2)

used for cell movement

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ribosomes (1/2)

small particles of RNA and protein

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ribosomes (2/2)

the site of protein assembly

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rough endoplasmic reticulum (1/2)

chemically modifies the proteins

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rough endoplasmic reticulum (2/2)

is abundant in cells that produce proteins for export

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smooth endoplasmic reticulum

contains collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks including membrane synthesis and detoxification of drugs

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Golgi Apparatus

modify, sorts, and package proteins, etc. for storage

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mitochondria (mitochondrion)

convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

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Cellular Respiration

the process that releases the energy from the food in the presence of oxygen

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chloroplasts (1/2)

found in photosynthetic autotrophs

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chloroplasts (2/2)

capture energy from sunlight and convert it into food (sugars) that contains energy

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Photosynthesis

uses the energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen

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Nucleus (1/2)

contains nearly all of the cells DNA

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Nucleus (2/2)

controls cells activities

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Chromatin (1/2)

long, thin strands of DNA and protein

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Chromatin (2/2)

exists in this form when the cell is NOT dividing

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Chromosomes (1/2)

coiled, rod shaped packages of DNA and protein

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Chromosomes (2/2)

exists in this form when the cell IS dividing

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Nucleolus (1/2)

an area of condensed chromatin

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Nucleolus (2/2)

involved in ribosome synthesis

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Passive Transport

the movement of a substance across a cell membrane WITHOUT the use of cellular energy

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What are the 3 types if Passive Transport?

Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis

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Diffusion

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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Osmosis

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane via aquaporins

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Active Transport

movement of molecules that requires cellular energy

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What are the 4 types of Active Transport?

Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis

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Endocytosis

process of taking materials into the cell by infolding or pockets in the cell membrane

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Exocytosis

waste and cell products are packaged in vesicles and released from the cell

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Phagocytosis

movement of solids

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Pinocytosis

movement of liquids

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Within a living organism there are 5 levels of organization: (simple to complex)

cell — tissue — organ — organ system — organism

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Hypotonic Solution

any solution that has a lower concentration of a dissolved substance than to which it is being compared

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Hypertonic Solution

any solution that has a greater concentration of a dissolved substance than to which it is being compared

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Isotonic Solution

any solution that has the same concentration of dissolved substance as to which it is being compared