APUSH ID QUIZ #2 AMERICAN REVOLUTION

type

First Great Awakening

Religious revival in the colonies in 1730s and 1740s; George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards preached a message of atonement for sins by admitting them to God.

George Whitefield

one of the primary voices of the great awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights."

The Enlightenment

also known as the Age of Reason, was an intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe and introduced natural laws (during the late 17 century and 18th century; 1685

John Locke

He is known as the "Father of liberal philosophy." His theories challenged the idea that monarchs gained their power from God and therefore their decisions were the will of God. He was a main voice in the enlightenment and introduced the ideas of a social contract and natural rights.

French and Indian War

War which began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1763 between France and Great Britain. Resulted in Britain victory. The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war's expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution. End of salutary neglect in colonies

Proclamation of 1763*

an edict made by King George III after the conclusion of the French and Indian War. This declared that colonists could not settle west of the the Appalachian Mountains.

Zenger Trial

The trial and acquittal of a New Yorker in 1735 on charges of seditious libel under the British colonial government became a symbol of the American commitment to the freedom of the press. It also informed many Americans' understanding of that freedom when it was established in the bill of rights.

Stamp Act 1765*

all printed material required to have a tax stamp. Direct tax on all documents. Resulted in colonists being very displeased. Thousands of soldiers sent to Boston, the smuggling hub. These taxes were supposed to help British pay to station soldiers in the colonies.

Townshend Acts

created indirect, revenue raising taxes on paper, glass, lead, paint and tea.

Nonimportation

press from British merchants influenced parliament’s agreement to not import certain goods. These agreements were formed in response to the strengthening grip of Britain on the colonies.

Boston Massacre

confrontation in 1770 which took place in Boston between soldiers and mob. The troops fired into the crowd killing 5 people. The event became the centerpiece of agitation and propaganda

Intolerable Acts

took place in 1774 when Boston harbor was closed until tea was paid for (port bill) (government act)

Battles of Lexington and Concord

the first shot fired marking the start of the American War of Independence. Massachusetts colonists defied British authority, outnumbered and out fought the Redcoats, and embarked on a lengthy war to earn their independence. American victory.

Sons of Liberty

a secret organization of American patriots who organized the resistance of the Stamp act through mob violence. Political agitation through pamphlets and boycotting and nonimportation. They sneak on board and destroyed a fortune in tea. Created by Samuel Adams

Daughters of Liberty

a female association that was formed to protest against the stamp act. They made homespun cloth and goods to help the cause and support the boycotts. They socially pressured and harassed if the colonists if they didn’t comply

Olive Branch Petition

Petition adopted by the Second continental congress on July 5th 1775 to be sent to the King as a last attempt to prevent formal war from being declared. Denied by King George III.

Thomas Paine

American founding father who wrote the Common Sense pamphlet which argued that reconciliation with Britain was impossible and that it was just “Common Sense” for the colonies to be independent.

Republicanism

The idea of a form of government in which the power is held with elected representatives instead of a monarch. Adopted by colonies

Republican Motherhood

Idea in which mothers were responsible for bringing their children up with the ideas of republicanism, so that the ideology could survive. The success of republicanism depended on mothers teaching their children these ideas so that they could be carried on.

Battle of Saratoga

Battle in the revolutionary war which took place in Stillwater, New York and resulted in an American victory. This battle is seen as the decisive turning point to give Americans the edge over Britain.

Ben Franklin

Founding father of the United States who helped to draft the Declaration of Independence and the American Constitution, was also sent as a representative to France in an attempt to gain their support for the revolution. Helped to negotiate the Treaty of Paris to end the Revolutionary War.

Treaty of Paris 1783*

Treaty which ended the Revolutionary War and granted the United States significant western territory.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Rebellion by natives against Britain which led to Proclamation of 1763. Forced colonists to give in to native demands to avoid a war.

Land Ordinance

Law adopted by the United States post American Revolution which allowed settlers to purchase farmland in the unsettled west.

Northwest Ordinance

Ordinance which established a government for the Northwest Territory and outlined several governmental processes such as how to admit a new state to the union, and ensure that these new states have equal representation when compared to the original 13.

Shays’ Rebellion

Rebellion in western massachusetts which opposed high taxes and a poor economy. Armed bans eventually forced several courts to close, in turn preventing the foreclosing of businesses and freeing up debt.

New Jersey Plan

The plan which was proposed by William Paterson and others from the state of New Jersey: It called for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state. Each state gets 1 vote

Virginia Plan

The plan called for a legislature divided into two bodies (the Senate and the House of Representatives) with proportional representation. each state's representation in Congress would be based on its population( protected states with a larger population)

3/5 Compromise

a compromise that three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation.

Suffrage

The right to vote. Granted to white landowners in the colonies post American Revolution

Manumission

the act of a slave owner setting slaves free

Federalists

The term for the people who backed the Constitution. They believed in a strong central government, a strong army, industry, and loose interpretation of the Constitution.

Anti Federalists

These people opposed the ratification of the 1787 U.S. Constitution because they feared that the new national government would be too powerful and thus threaten individual liberties, given the absence of a bill of rights.

The Federalist Papers

a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution