Sleep Physiology and Regulation

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to sleep physiology, regulation, disorders, and assessment.

Circadian Rhythm

The biological rhythm of the body that regulates sleep and wake cycles.

Hypothalamus

Brain region involved in sleep regulation.

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

System that controls sleep-wake states.

Homeostatic Process (Process S)

Biological pressure to sleep that builds throughout the day.

NREM Sleep

Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep consisting of four stages.

REM Sleep

Rapid Eye Movement sleep where eyes move behind eyelids; associated with dreaming.

Insomnia

Inability to sleep at night.

Sleep Apnea

Physically stopping breathing while asleep.

Narcolepsy

Excessive daytime sleepiness with cataplexy and sleep paralysis.

Parasomnias

Abnormal behaviors during sleep, including sleepwalking and nightmares.

Bed Rest

Does not guarantee restful sleep despite physical confinement.

Sleep Assessment

Best source is to ask the patient directly about their sleep.

Sleep Cycle Duration

Most sleep cycles last approximately 90 to 100 minutes.

Hypertension

High blood pressure that can cause sleep disturbances.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)

Involuntary leg movements during sleep.

Diuretics

Medications that can cause frequent nighttime urination.

Environmental Controls

Strategies to minimize disturbances and promote better sleep.

Sleep Promotion Strategies

Techniques to create a sleep-conducive environment and routine.

Caffeine

A stimulating substance that affects most people by keeping them awake.

Emotional Stress

Directly impacts sleep ability.

Sleep-Affecting Medications

Drugs that can disrupt sleep patterns, including hypnotics and narcotics.