Industrial Revolution Mrs. Commale 11/7/25

Collective bargaining

the process by which management and union representatives negotiate the employment conditions for a particular bargaining unit for a designated period of time.

Strike

are organized work stoppages by employees to protest against working conditions, wages, or other employment-related issues.

Scab

Strikebreakers, commonly known as scabs, are individuals who continue to work or replace striking workers during labor disputes.

Philanthropist

an individual who seeks to promote the welfare of others, typically through the donation of money, resources, or time to charitable causes.

Lockout

a labor dispute strategy used by employers to prevent employees from entering the workplace, typically during negotiations over labor contracts.

Robber baron

a term used for a wealthy and powerful businessman in the late 19th century who used exploitative practices to amass their wealth

Labor union

organized associations of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests in the workplace.

Trust

a formation of independent companies tha come together to limit competition and control an industry.

Monopoly

market structure where a single seller or producer dominates the supply of a good or service, effectively eliminating competition.

Corporation

legal entities that are separate from their owners, allowing them to operate as independent businesses with rights and responsibilities.

Partnership

A an agreement between two or more people to carry on business as co-owners, have right to share control and profits.

Sweatshop

factories or workplaces characterized by poor working conditions, long hours, and low wages

Bessemer process

a method for producing steel by blowing air through molten iron to remove impurities.

Suffrage

the right to vote in political elections.

Industrial Revolution

era of advancements in manufacturing processes, technology, and transportation, reshaping social structures and economic practices.

Gilded Age

a period marked by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and the expansion of railroads in the United States

John D. Rockefeller

American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and became one of the first multinational corporations in the world.

Andrew Carnegie

Andrew Carnegie set the standard for new steel mills. Believed that unrestricted competition would eliminate weak businesses

Henry Ford

an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.

Joseph Pulitzer

Publisher of New York World and St. Louis Post Dispatch, colored comic strips featuring Yellow Kid

Cornelius Vanderbilt

an American businessman and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping.

Samuel Gompers

he creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers.

Terence Powederly

Terence Powderly, Knights of Labor leader, opposed strikes, producer-consumer cooperation, temperance, welcomed blacks and women (however, allowed segregation).

American Federation of Labor

a union of skilled laborers formed by Samuel Gompers in 1866. Became one of the most powerful unions in the United States. avoided political questions uch as shorter workdays and higher wages for union members.

Knights of Labor

founded in 1869 as a secret society of workers in Philadelphia, became a national movement by 1878. believed that factories and shops that would lead to a cooperative commonwealth.

Great Railroad Strike 1877

railroad workers on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad rose up and began to strike due to wage cuts. President Rutherford B. Hayes sent in troops to stop the strike. 100 people died in the strike.

Union Pacific Railroad

build the western portion of the first transcontinental railroad, starting from Omaha, Nebraska, and heading west.

Central Pacific Railroad

a company that built the western half of the first transcontinental railroad, connecting Sacramento, California, eastward to Promontory Summit, Utah, where it met the Union Pacific Railroad.

Transcontinental Railroad

a railroad line completed that connected the eastern U.S. to the Pacific coast, revolutionizing transportation by drastically reducing travel time across the continent