Final PT216 Ch. 2: History, FDA, & Pharmacy Organizations

Hippocrates

Known as the Father of Medicine.

Galen

Early contributor to drug compounding and formulations.

Dioscorides

Author of early herbal medicine references.

Joseph Lister

Introduced antiseptic surgery to prevent infection.

Paul Ehrlich

Developed the first antimicrobial drug.

Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin.

Claude Bernard

Established experimental pharmacology and studied drug effects on specific body systems.

Li Shizhen

Chinese physician who documented medicinal plants and natural remedies.

Sushruta

Early physician associated with surgical and medicinal practices.

Paracelsus

Swiss physician who emphasized dose-response relationships in drugs.

Banting & Best

Discovered insulin for diabetes treatment.

Gerhard Domagk

Discovered Prontosil, the first sulfa drug.

FDA

Regulates drug approval, safety, and effectiveness.

USP

Sets standards for drug strength, quality, and purity.

APhA

American Pharmacists Association; professional organization for pharmacists.

PTCB

Pharmacy Technician Certification Board.

State Board of Pharmacy

Licenses and regulates pharmacy practice within a state.

INDA

Investigational New Drug Application submitted before human trials.

NDA

New Drug Application submitted for FDA approval.

Phase I clinical trials

Test drug safety in small group of healthy volunteers.

Phase II clinical trials

Evaluate drug effectiveness and dosing.

Phase III clinical trials

Large-scale testing for safety and effectiveness.

Phase IV clinical trials

Post-marketing surveillance after FDA approval.