Mechanisms of Radiation Damage

Flashcards on Mechanisms of Radiation Damage

Stochastic Effects

Radiation effect that can occur regardless of any threshold dose.

Non-Stochastic (Deterministic) Effects

Effects that require a certain radiation dose to occur.

Radon

Among natural radiation sources, this takes first place among the radiation doses to which living organisms are exposed.

The earth

The main source of radon.

K - 40 Ra – 226 Ra - 228

Radioactive elements in our body that exposes us to a certain dose of radiation.

Ionization of atoms

The basic mechanism of radiation-induced damage to tissues.

Chromosomes

Plays a role in the cell's self-renewal and function, and contain genetic information.

Energy released from the body

Emission imaging uses:

Energy passing through the body to a receiver

Transmission imaging uses:

Energy reflected from the body with the source and receiver on the same side

Reflection imaging uses:

Scintigraphy (SPECT/PET)

Radiological examination methods that uses Gamma rays and emission.

Magnetic Resonance (MR)

Radiological examination methods that use Radio frequency waves and emission.

Ultrasound (US)

Radiological examination methods that use Ultrasonic waves and reflection.

Cobalt-60 applications

External radiotherapy technique that uses Gamma rays.

Type of radiation, exposure time, organism's condition

Factors that affect the degree of sensitivity of an organism to radiation.

Radiosensitive and Radioresistance

Radiation sensitivity classification.

Malaise, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Early symptoms of acute radiation exposure.

Cataracts, disturbances in the secretory system, cancer

Late symptoms of radiation exposure.

Disruption in selective permeability, inability to perform osmosis and active transport

Effects of radiation on the cell membrane.

Chemical changes, disrupted organelle functions

Effects of radiation on the cytoplasm.

Impaired nucleic acid synthesis, DNA damage

Effects of radiation on the cell nucleus.

Observed by Stevens in 1896

Radiation causes erythema (redness) on the skin.

Distance, Time, Shielding and Containment

The protection of radiation includes:

𝐼! ⋅ 𝑑! " = 𝐼" ⋅ 𝑑" "

Protection radiation: greater distance from source: less radiation received formula

Paper

Shielding material for Alpha

Metal

Shielding material for Beta

Concrete or Lead

Shielding material for Gamma