Finals 3 I's Last Week

Quantitative Research

is a kind of research which utilizes

numerical data or measurement.

Experimental Research

It is the only type of research that directly attempts to influence a particular

variable

Essential Characteristics of Experimental Research

-Comparison of groups
-Manipulation of the independent variable
-Randomization

Comparison of Groups

An experiment usually involves two groups of subjects, an

experimental group (receives a treatment) and a control group

(receives no treatment).

Manipulation of the Independent Variable

the researcher actively manipulates the independent variables

Randomization

An important aspect of many experiments is the random assignment

of subjects to groups

Group Designs in Experimental Research

The One-Shot Case Study

The One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design

The Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design

The Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design

The One-shot case study

a single

group is exposed to a treatment or event and a dependent variable is

subsequently observed (measured) in order to assess the effect of the

treatment.

The One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design

a single group is measured or observed not

only after being exposed to a treatment of some sort, but also before.

The Randomized Posttest-Only Control Group Design

involves two groups, both of which are

formed by random assignment. One group receives the experimental

treatment while the other does not, and then both groups are posttested on

the dependent variable.

The Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design

differs from the randomized posttest-only

control group design solely in the use of a pretest. Two groups of subjects are

used, with both groups being measured or observed twice. The first measurement

serves as the pretest, the second as the posttest.

The Nature of Correlational Research

the relationships among two or more variables are studied without any

attempt to influence them

Purposes of Correlational Research

-to clarify our understanding of important phenomena by identifying

relationships among variables
-If a relationship of sufficient magnitude exists between two variables, it

becomes possible to predict a score on one variable if a score on the other

variable is known

Survey Research

The major purpose of surveys is to describe the characteristics

of a population

Qualitative Research

involves an interpretive,

naturalistic approach to the world. This means that

qualitative researchers study things in their natural

settings, attempting to make sense of, or interpret,

phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to

them.

Generalization in Qualitative Research

Generalizing is possible in qualitative research, but

it is of a type different from that found in

quantitative studies. Most likely it will be done by

interested practitioners.

Research Approach

Phenomenology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography,

Narrative Approach, Case Studies

Research Method

In-depth interviews (IDI), Focus Groups

Discussion (FGD), Observations