CH13 STIs, Consent, Active Bystander

will HIV always result in AIDS?

no

will there always be symptoms for an STI?

no

what are three clinical complications of STIs?

• reproductive health problems

• fetal and perinatal health problems

• cancer

• facilitation of the sexual transmission of HIV

what are sexually transmitted infections?

infectious diseases transmitted with some form of intimate contact (sexual intercourse, oral-genital contact, or hand-genital contact)

bacterial infection

treated with antibiotics

syhphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea

viral infection

treated to reduce symptoms and the progression of the infection

HPV, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis B, HIV

protozoal

infection caused by a parasite, can be treated

trichomoniasis

chlamydia

symptoms of chlamydia

fever, abdominal pain, unusual discharge from penis/vagina

can cause pelvic inflammatory disease in females

treated with oral antibiotics

gonorrhea

grows rapidly in warm and wet areas of the reproductive tract. can infect the mouth, throat, eyes, rectum, and can spread to the blood and joints (life threatening)

symptoms of gonorrhea

discharge from penis/vagina, painful/difficult urination

can cause PID and infertility in females

vulnerability to HIV

syphilis

passed through vaginal, anal, or oral sex with direct contact with sores/chancres, usually resolves itself but if not it can spread to other organs

symptoms of syphilis

2-5x more likley to contract HIV

can pass it to fetus causing deformity

can spread to the nerves, eyes, and brain (deadly)

human papillomavirus/HPV

most common STI with 40+ types, characterized by warts, no cure

symptoms of HPV

warts on the mouth and throat

cancer in the cervix, vulva, penis, and mouth

human immunodeficiency virus/HIV and AIDS

destroys the body’s immune system by killing blood cells that fight infection and disease, once a load are killed off the body becomes immunocompromised at which point its progressed to AIDS, no cure

symptoms of HIV/AIDS

vulnerable to infections and cancers

herpes simplex virus/HPSV w/ genital herpes

has two types, caused by HPS, usually type 2, many exhibit no symptoms, no cure, can be identified in the bodys nerve cells

symptoms of HSZ type 1

fevers, blisters, cold sores on the lips, cold sores can affect genitals

symptoms of HSV type 2

painful, watery blisters on and around the genitals + anus

hepatitis

serious liver disease that has types ABC

hepatitis A

short term liver disease infection, usually no chronic

vaccination available

hepatitis B

serious liver disease that can result in both immediate illness and lifelong infection leading to liver scarring, cancer, liver failure, and death

vaccination available

hepatitis C

can cause immediate illness affecting the liver, usually is a silent and chronic infection that leads to liver scarring, commonly transported through exposure to infected blood

no vaccine

trichomoniasis

infection caused by a single cell protozoan parasite, not always symptomatic

symptoms of trichomoniasis

frequent, painful, and burning urination, vaginal discharge, genital soreness, redness, itchiness

bacterial vaginosis

occurs when problematic bacteria already present in small numbers increase

symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

thin and milky discharge with a “fishy” odor

how to prevent STIs

• safe sex (condoms)

• abstinence

• get vaccinated

• get tested before having sex

• get treated if your partner has an STI

consent

voluntary, positive, clear, and unambiguous agreement between participants to engage in a specific sexual activity

how to be an active bystander/ABC protocol

Assess the scene to make sure it is safe before proceeding

Be in a group for safety before intervening

Care for the victim

how do you distract a situation?

approach the victim with a reason they have to leave the scene immediately

how do you direct action a situation?

call out the negative behavior right then and there

how do you delay a situation?

wait for the situation to pass/the person to leave and then care for the victim

how do you delegate a siuation?

tell someone with the authority and resources to do something