(CH. 7/Sec 1 & 2) French revolution & Reign of terror

What was the Old Regime?

socio-political system which existed in most of Europe during the 18th century

Under the Old Regime, the people of France were divded into socials classes or

Estates

1st Estate

1% of Population, High ranking members(clergy) of Catholic church and privileged class(owned 10% of land)

2nd Estate

2% of population, Nobility( owned 20% of land) and Privileged class

3rd Estate

97% of population which were unprivileged class, rest of the people

Bourgeoisie

well-educated middle class professional: wealthy but no privileges

City Workers

poorest; paid low wages or out of work

Peasants

largest group: paid 1/2 of income to nobles, tithes to church, and taxes to king

What were the factors that would lead to the revolution in France?

unjust socio-political system(Old Regime) and American Revolution

How did ideas from the Enlightenment help start the revolution?

teachings of freedoms and teachings of life, liberty, property

What economic troubles helped start the revolution?

* monarchs overspend(absolutism)
* poor harvest which left the peasant farmers with little money for taxes

Who were the weak leaders that France had at this time?

Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette(Madam)

Louis XVI needed more money so he?

imposed taxes on the Second Estate

The Second Estate forced him to call a meeting to vote, the meeting was?

Estates General meeting

How many votes did each estate have?

One

Which two Estates voted together?

First and Second Estate voted together

What happened on June 17, 1789

3rd Estate decided to form the National Assembly

Where did 3rd Esate delegates meet after being locked out of room?

Indoor Tennis Court

Third Estate created what? and decided not to leave france until?

Tennis Court OAth: France created a new constitution

What happened on July 14, 1789

Storming of the Bastille, in which started the French Revolution

What was the Great Fear?

Peasants believed outlaws would terrorize them so they became outlaws, they raided nobles home to destroy records

What happened in October 1789?

a group of angry women attacked the Versailles and forced Louis XVI and Marie to relocate in Paris along with NAtional Assembly

Steps the National Assembly took to change France?

* ended all the Special privileges
* all French men equal rights
* cut the power of the catholic church

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

established laws of Equality

Slogan of Revolutionary leader?

Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

State Controlled Church

National Assembly seized the church lands, tuned the clergy into public official

What happened in 1791?

new constitution made that took over 2 years to create

Legislative Assembly

the new body of government created to pass laws

Divisions of the Legislative Assembly

* Conservatives who wanted end revolutionary changes(Right Wing)
* Moderates who were neutral
* Radicals who wanted radical changes(Left Wing)

Emigres

French nobles who wanted the Old Regime back in power, and they had fled country

San-Culottes

French Lower class people/Radicals who wanted more changes from the Revolution and were a group of people that would push for Louis XVI to be executed

France at War

Austria and Prussia wanted to use force, to restore control of France, back to Louis XVI. then France declares war. Legislative Assembly deposes the king and dissolves the throne

Gullitone

a machine designed during the revolutions to execute or behead people

Jacobins

French Radical group who emerged and called for a National Convention to design a new constitution that does not include a monarchy

Maximillien Robespierre

Leader of Committee of Public Safety and then Dictator of France who executed all enemies of the State and he removed Sunday from the calendars and closed churches

The End of Terror

Robespierre was arrested and new constitution was written which stated power was given to the upper middle class and 2 house legislative and an executive called Directory(5 moderate men)