Chapter 6: FIngerprints

The first systematic attempt at personal identification was devised and introduced by_____.

A system of identification relying on precise body measurements is known as______

The fingerprint classification system used in most English- speaking countries was devised by_____

True or False: The first systematic and official use of fingerprints for personal identification in the United States was adopted by the New York City Civil Service Commission.

The individuality of a fingerprint (is, is not) determined by its pattern.

A point-by-point comparison of a fingerprint’s ____ must be demonstrated in order to prove identity.

______ are a reproduction of friction skin ridges.

The form and pattern of skin ridges are determined by the (epidermis, dermal papillae).

A permanent scar forms in the skin only when an injury damages the _____.

Fingerprints (can, cannot) be changed during a person’s lifetime.

The three general patterns into which fingerprints are divided are _____,_____ , and______

.

The most common fingerprint pattern is the _____

Approximately 5 percent of the population has the

_______ fingerprint pattern.

A loop pattern that opens toward the thumb is known as a(n) (radial, ulnar) loop.

The pattern area of the loop is enclosed by two diverging ridges known as _____

The ridge point nearest the type-line divergence is

known as the ______

All loops must have (one, two) delta(s).

The approximate center of a loop pattern is called the ______

If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a (plain whorl, central pocket loop).

The simplest of all fingerprint patterns is the ____

Arches (have, do not have) type lines, deltas, and cores.

ACE-V is an acronym for a four step process: ____,_____,_____, and ______.

True or False: Level 2 details cannot individualize a

fingerprint.

The presence or absence of the ____ pattern is

used as a basis for determining the primary classification in the Henry system.

The largest category (25 percent) in the primary classification system is (1/1, 1/2).

A fingerprint classification system (can, cannot) un-

equivocally identify an individual.

True or False: Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of bifurcations and ridge endings

A fingerprint left by a person with soiled or stained

fingertips is called a(n) ______.

______ fingerprints are impressions left on a

soft material.

Fingerprint impressions that are not readily visible are called _____

Fingerprints on hard and nonabsorbent surfaces are best developed by the application of a(n) _____

Fingerprints on porous surfaces are best developed ______ with treatment.

______ vapors chemically combine with fatty

oils or residual water to visualize a fingerprint.

The chemical _____ visualizes fingerprints by

its reaction with amino acids.

Chemical treatment with ____visualizes fingerprints on porous articles that may have been wet at one time.

True or False: A latent fingerprint is first treated with Physical Developer followed by ninhydrin.

A chemical technique known as _____ is used to develop latent prints on nonporous surfaces such as metal and plastic.

_______ occurs when a substance absorbs light and reemits the light in wavelengths longer than the illuminating source.

High-intensity light sources known as _______

are effective in developing latent fingerprints.

Once a fingerprint has been visualized, it must be preserved by _____

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called _____

A (high-pass filter, frequency Fourier transform analysis) is used to identify repetitive patterns such as lines or dots that interfere with the interpretation of a digitized fingerprint image.