bio 251 FINAL

the___ runs deep to the internal oblique

transverse abdominis

a nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that inserts to the muscle which adults also use for whistling (orbicularis oris). What is this muscle called?

buccinator

----is a powerful forearm extensor at the elbow joint

triceps brachii

the type of contraction where the tension is less than the load is called

isotonic eccentric contraction

the action potential is conducted into a skeletal muscle fiber by

transverse tubules

what type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint veer which an agonist acts?

synergist

in an and isotonic contraction, the muscle____

changes in length and moves the "load"

at rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by

troponin molecules

which of the following statement is true

Striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei

A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called

motor unit

the delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the

endomysium

the quadriceps femurs is composed of three "vests" muscles and the ___

rectus femoris

A weight-lifter strains to lift a heavy weight and there is no movement of the person's arms holding on to the weight. This type of contraction is called a(n) ________ contraction.

isometric

which of the following muscles is used to form a smile

zygomaticus major

which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead

the frontal belly of the epicranius

During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?

actin filaments

at the grocery store a cute, little curly-haired child is standing behind you in line. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which lounge muscle did she use?

genioglossus

which of the following surrounds and individual muscle cell?

endomyosin

what is the function role of T-tubles

enhance cellular communication during muscle contraction

which of the following is a recognized function of skeletal muscle

all of these answers are correct

which of the following is NOT a membrane of the hamstrings

gracilis

which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross- legged position?

the sartorius

which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?

it closes, purses, and protrudes the lip

which of the following muscles is NOT a rotator cuff muscle?

Levator scapulae

the type of contraction where the tension exceeds the load is called

isotonic concentric contraction

the sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the___

mastoid process of temporal bone

Immediately following the arrival of the stimulus at a skeletal muscle cell there is a short period called the ________ period during which the neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, diffuses across the synaptic cleft, and binds to its receptors.

latent

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?

thigh adductors

what is a muscle that provides the major forces for producing a specific movement called?

an agonist (prime mover)

the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the

sarcolemma

the type of contraction in which the muscle fibers do not shorten is called

isometric

What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles?

tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules

a muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is AN

antagonist

You try to pick up an object and discover that it is much heavier than you expected. Which process must occur in the muscle to increase tension so you can pick up the object?

recruitment

which of the following best describes the term sarcoplasmic reticulum

storage and release site for calcium ions

The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n)

tendon

is an isotonic contraction

muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle lifts the load

During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to ________.

lactic acid

An ________ can be described as a broad tendinous sheet

aponeurosis

a facile is a

group of muscle fibers that are encased in the perimysium

at rest active sites on the actin are blocked by

tropomyosin molecules

what structure in the skeletal muscle cells function in calcium storage

sarcoplasmic reticulum

of the following muscle types, which has the longest muscle cells and has obvious stripes called

skeletal muscle

In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.

flexion

The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the

epimysium

The increase in muscle tension that is produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called

recruitment

which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

the gastrocnemius

What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?

all act on the tongue

which of these is the function of the external oblique muscles

flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall

the ____ is the main chewing muscle

masseter

A cell engulfing a relatively large particle will likely utilize ________.

phagocytosis

You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer ________.

in the armpit

____epithelium appears to have two or three layers of cells, but al the cells are in contact with the basement membrane

pseudostratifed columnar

which one the following system responds fastest to environment stimuli

nervous

The term pollex refers to the ________.

thumb

If a cell is selectively reducing the concentration of a particular enzyme in the extracellular fluid it will likely utilize ________.

receptor-mediated endocytosis

carbohydrates are stored in the liver and skeletal muscles in the form of

glycogen

The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?

2,8,1

the fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is

collagen

the anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except

palms turned posteriorly

which of the following describes a parasagittal plane

any sagittal plane except in the midline

connective tissue extracellular matrix is composed of

fibers and ground substance

what are the three main components of connective tissue

ground substance, fibers, and cells

which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

protein synthesis in conjunction with ribosomes

An atom with 3 electrons in its outermost (valence) shell may have a total of ________ electrons altogether.

13

Starch is the stored carbohydrate in plants, while ________ is the stored carbohydrate in animals.

glycogen

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.

organ

which type of connective tissue serves as the universal packing material between other tissue

areolar connective tissue

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in ________.

a hypertonic solution

Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ________ reaction.

synthesis

Lithium has an atomic number of 3. How many electrons are there in the outermost (valence) shell?

one

carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the

removal of water molecule between each two units

Which tissue in the wall of the uterus is required for labor contractions?

smooth muscle

select the correct statement regarding epithelia

Stratified squamous epithelia are present where protection from abrasion is important.

which tissue type is formed by many cells joining together, which are multi nucleated

skeletal muscle

Heart muscle cells would tend to separate without ________

intercalated disc

starch is a

polysaccharide

A substance received or given off by your body will likely pass through which tissue type?

epithelial tissue

which if the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential

the resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes

anatomical position is important because

it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical relationships

Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?

7

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

pleural, ventral and thoracic

which of the following describes the plasma membrane

a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

intestines

Forming glycogen as energy storage in the liver is an example of ________.

anabolism

Myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue) must rhythmically contract for a lifetime. This requires a considerable amount of energy production by the cells. You would expect to see a relatively high amount of which organelle in these cells?

mitochondria

You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse ________.

on the posterior side of the knee

If a cell is non-selectively engulfing of extracellular fluid, for example to absorb nutrients, it will likely utilze________.

pinocytosis

which of the following would NOT be restricted (limited) by low levels of ATP?

osmosis

what is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

frontal

which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs?

simple squamous

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?

the cells will swell and ultimately burst

which organelle is responsible for processing and packing proteins destined for export from the cell?

Golgi apparatus

the primary blast cell for bone is the

osteoblast

a good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be

enhancement of labor contractions

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:

1. molecules

2. atoms

3. tissues

4. cells

5. organs

2-1-4-3-5

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

left upper quadrant

the thoracic cavity contains the ___. It is found ___ to the vertebral cavity

heart and lungs; anterior

An atom with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 24 would have ________.

14 neutrons

the chemical symbol O=O means

the atoms are double bonded