Sculpture and Neoclassical Art

Rock, marble, ivory, wood, clay, bronze, fiber glass, cement, and glass.

Enumerate the 9 materials that we can use to sculp sculptures.

Rock

A natural solid material that artists carve or shape into sculptures, usually rough and heavy.

Marble

A hard, smooth stone that artists carve to create detailed and polished sculptures. This was widely used in sculpture and architecture because of its malleability.

Ivory

A smooth, hard material from animal tusks, used for small, detailed carvings.

Wood

A natural material from trees that can be carved into different shapes and designs.

Clay

A soft and moldable material that can be shaped easily and then hardened by drying or firing.

Bronze

A metal made by mixing copper and tin, melted and poured into molds to form strong sculptures.

Fiber glass

A lightweight material made of glass fibers and resin, used to create strong and durable sculptures.

Cement

A powder mixed with water that hardens into a solid form, often used for large or outdoor sculptures.

Glass

A transparent material that can be melted and shaped into artistic forms, often delicate and decorative.

Relief, bust, and statuary sculptures

Enumerate the 3 types of sculptures.

Relief Sculpture

A sculpture with figures that portrude from a background while still being attached to it.

Low, Bas, High, and Sunken Reliefs

Enumerate the 4 types of relief.

Low and Bas Relief

Figures that project only slightly from the surface.

High Relief

Figures that stand out prominently from the surface with a greater sense of depth.

Sunken Relief

Is a technique of relief sculpture in which figures or images carved in low relief, but set with a sunken area, so that the relief never rises beyond the original flat surface.

Bust Sculpture

A sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human body, depicting a person’s head and neck, and a variable portion of the chest and shoulder.

Statuary Sculpture

Is a term used when referring to a sculpture that is not designed to be attached to a wall. Freestanding sculptures usually have a small base, which is often mounted on a plinth — a small platform that serves as a pedestal.

New

What does the Greek word “neo” from neoclassical mean in English?

First class

What does the Latin word “classicus” from neoclassic mean in English?

Classical

Refers to the art and culture of Ancient Greece and Rome.

1700’s - 1800’s

What year did neoclassical art became popular?

Enlightenment period

What period did the neoclassical art became popular? Also called as “Age of Reason.”

Ancient Greek and Roman

Where was Neoclassical art based on its ideas, styles, and values?

Balance, proportion, simplicity, clarity, focus on history, heroism, and moral values

Greek and Roman artists admired what in their art? Enumerate the 7 types.

Neoclassical art

Artistic and creative movements that reflect qualities of Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, culture, and art.

Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Composite, and Corinthian Orders

Enumerate the 5 types of Order.

Ionic Order

This order’s distinguishing feature is the twin volutes, or spiral scrolls, of its capital.

Doric Order

This order is characterized by a simple and austere column and capital.

Corinthian Order

This order's main characteristic is an ornate capital carved with stylized acanthus leaves.

Composite Order

This order is developed in Rome that combines characteristics of both Ionic and Corinthian Order.

Tuscan Order

This order resembles the Doric Order but has a simpler base, no flutings and an unadorned frieze.

Focuses on the ideal human form

What does Neoclassical art focus on?

Rococo Architecture

It emphasizes grace, ornamentation and asymmetry.

Robert Smirke

An English architect, one of the leaders of the Greek Revival architecture, though he also designed using after architectural styles. Smirke designed the main block and facade of the British Museum.

Robert Adam

A Scottish architect. He was an interior and furniture designer.

Syon House and University of Edinburgh

What are the 2 most known architecture that Robert Adam designed?

Antonio Canova

An Italian sculptor. Is considered the greatest Neoclassical sculptor of the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Famous for his marble sculptures of delicate nude.

Psyche Revived by Cupid’s Kiss

This Statuary sculpture was created by Antonio Canov

The Three Graces

This sculpture was created by Antonio Canova. Sculpted in marble, of the mythological three Charites, daughters of Zeus.

Jean-Antoine Houdon

A French Neoclassical Sculptor, well-known for his portrait busts and statues. Common subjects were philosophers, inventors, political figures of the Enlightenment.

Voltaire, Benjamin Franklin, and Napoleon Bonaparte

Jean-Antoine Houdon 3 most known bust sculptures.

Karl Albert Bertel Thorvaldsen

A Danish and Icelandic Sculptor and medalist of international fame, who spent most of his life in Italy. Working part-time with his father, who was a wood carver, Thorvaldsen won many honors and medal

Pope Pius VII in Vatican City

This statuary sculpture was created by Karl Albert Bertel Thorvaldsen. This person negotiated a concordat wit Napoleon, reorganizing French dioceses and recognizing Roman Catholicism as France’s main religion.

Nicolaus Copernicus

This statuary statue was created by Karl Albert Bertel Thorvaldsen. This person is a Polish Astronomer. He made the Heliocentric Theory, placing the sun at the center of the solar system.

The Lion of Lucerne

This relief sculpture was created by Karl Albert Bertel Thorvaldsen. This is a massive sandstone monument of a lion impaled with a spear that is about 10 meters long and 6 meters wide and stands behind a pool of water.

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

A French Neoclassical Painter. He was profoundly influenced by past artistic traditions and aspired to become the guardian of academic orthodoxy against the ascendant Romantic style. Although he considered himself a painter of history. His expressive distortions of form and space made him an important precursor of modern art, influencing Picasso, Matisse and other modernists.

Apotheosis of Homer

This oil painting was painted by Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. It was about Homer being crowned by a winged figure personifying Victory of the universe.

Jacques-Louis David

The most celebrated French artist of his day and a principal exponent the late 18th century Neoclassical reaction against the Rococo style. He won wide acclaim with his huge canvases on classical themes. When the French Revolution began in 1789, he served briefly as its artistic director and painted its leaders and martyrs. He was then appointed painter to Napoleon.

Oath of the Horatii

This painting was painted by Jacques-Louis David. This is a scene from a Roman legend about a seventh-century BC dispute between two warring cities, Rome and Alba Longa, and stresses the

Anton Raphael Mengs

He is a German Painter, active in Dresden, Rome and Madrid, who while painting in the Rococo period of the mid-18th century became one of the precursors to Neoclassical painting, which replaced Rococo as the dominant painting style in Europe.

The Triumph of the History Over Time

This Fresco Painting was painted by Anton Raphael Mengs.