Bio Protein Synthesis Flashcards

What elements do all proteins contain?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

How many kinds of amino acids are there?

20

How many non-essential amino acids?

11

How many essential amino acids?

9

What are the contents of an amino acid?

Carboxyl group, Amino group, Hydrogen atom, R group

What forms a peptide bond?

Carboxyl group + amino group from two amino acids

What synthesis occurs when a peptide bond is created?

Dehydration synthesis

How are peptide bonds broken?

Hydrolysis

What is denature?

When a protein stops functioning

What kind of bonds occur in a secondary protein structure?

Hydrogen

What kind of bonds occur in a tertiary protein structure?

Ionic and covalent

What kind of bonds occur in a quaternary protein structure?

Hydrogen, ionic and covalent

Where does transcription take place/what occurs?

Nucleus; DNA - RNA

Where does translation take place/what occurs?

Cytoplasm; RNA - proteins

What is the antisense/template strand?

The strand that makes the RNA

Why can’t the sense/non-template strand make RNA as well?

It would create two complementary RNA strands producing a double helix

What does tRNA do?

Transfers amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome

What is the relation between tRNA and mRNA?

tRNA creates anticodons based on mRNA codons to ensure the correct amino acids are bound

What changes occur between RNA and DNA?

Complementary base pairing and change from thymine to uracil

What changed between the Coding strand and mRNA?

Change from thymine to Uracil

What changed between Template strand and mRNA?

Complementary base pairing and change from thymine to uracil

What is the role of the promoter enzyme?

It pries the strands of DNA apart

Template strand

Antisense strand

Non-template strand

Sense/coding strand

What does the transcription factor do?

Helps RNA polymerase bind to construction site

What direction does RNA polymerase read the template strand?

3’ to 5’

What direction is mRNA generated in?

5’ to 3’

Process of RNA polymerase synthesizing a gene

Elongation

What does rRNA do?

During translation it reads the order of amino acids and links the correct amino acids together to form proteins

Which coronavirus causes COVID-19?

SARS-CoV-2

Why are RNA viruses more dangerous than DNA viruses?

They replicate quickly

What is in the COVID-19 vaccine?

mRNA