Schrödinger Wave Equation and Quantum Numbers

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the Schrödinger wave equation, quantum numbers, and electronic configuration in atoms.

What does the Schrödinger wave equation describe about electrons?

It describes electrons as three-dimensional waves in the electric field of a positively charged nucleus.

What do the quantum numbers (n, l, m, s) signify in an atom?

They specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the electrons within them.

What is the principle quantum number (n) and its significance?

It determines the average distance between an electron and the nucleus, indicating the size and energy of the atom.

What does the azimuthal quantum number (l) represent?

It represents the shape and number of subshells (sublevels) that electron orbitals belong to.

How does the magnetic quantum number (m) relate to subshells?

It indicates the number of permitted orientations of subshells in a magnetic field.

What is the significance of the spin quantum number (s)?

It describes the direction of an electron's spin, which can be either clockwise or anticlockwise.

What is an electron cloud?

It refers to the region around the nucleus where the probability of finding an electron is highest.

How are the shapes of s, p, and d orbitals characterized?

S orbitals are spherical, p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped, and d orbitals are double dumbbell shapes.

What does Hund's Rule state regarding electron configuration?

Electrons must occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing up, to minimize repulsion.

What is the Aufbau principle?

It states that electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first before moving to higher energy orbitals.