Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Hydrometeorology

• It is studying natural phenomenon with atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic origin

• It is the study of transfer of water of water and energy between the eart’s surface and lower atmosphere

What are the hydro meteorological hazards

• Typhoons

• Storm-surge

• Thunderstorm

• Flooding

• Enso Cycle

Typhoon

• It is a severe weather disturbance characterized by strong winds and heavy rains which revolve around central low pressure area. It the most powerful type of tropical clcone that forms in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

• Tai Fung

TROPICAL CYCLONE / HURRICANE

Coriolis effect

• Refers to the deflection of an object's motion due to the earth’s rotation about its axis.

• Northern Hemisphere air deflects to the right

• Southern Hemisphere air deflects to the left

Eye

• It is the area of the lowest atmospheric pressure in the structure of a tropical cyclone.

• 20-65 km wide

• Weak winds

• Warm temperature

Eye wall

it is the region surrounding the tropical cyclone’s enter

• 15 kms ASL

• Strong winds

• Heavy rains

Rain bands

• It is the spiraling strips of clouds in the tropical cyclones which are associated with rainfall

Conditions

• Temperature over 26 degrees celsius

• Low atmospheric pressure

Formative stage

• formation where the hot and cold air meet

Immature stage

forms and creates the strong winds to it’s maximum

Mature stage

1. 3 to 5 days

Decaying stage

1. happens very fast, 1 to 2 days

Tropical Cyclones Category

1. Tropical Depression

2. Tropical Storm - 62 to 88 kph

3. Severe Tropical Storm - 89 to 117 kph

4. Typhoon (hurricane) - 118 to 184 kph

5. Super Typhoon - 185 kph+

Why do TC’s form?

• Natural tendency to maintain equilibrium by redistributing heat through wind from the equatorial regions to the polar regions. 

Effects of Tropical Cyclones

1. Strong winds

2. Storm Surge

3. Heavy rains

Ways to Mitigate the Effects

1.  Determining area prone to typhoon-related disasters 

2. Implementing legislation involving land use planning, zoning, and building standards

3.  Weather forecasting and monitoring

4. Effective public typhoon warning systems

Effects of Tropical Cyclones (Secondary)

1. Food shortage

2. Flooding

3. Infrastructure damage

4. Economic Disruption

5. Job loss

6. Death

7. Disease Outbreak

Ways to Mitigate the Effects

1. Determining area prone to typhoon-related disasters

2. Implementing legislation involving land use planning, zoning, and building standards

3. Weather forecasting and monitoring

4. Effective public typhoon warning systems