Human Nutrition and Body Organization

These flashcards cover key concepts related to human nutrition, including basic chemistry, the organization of the human body, and nutrition-related systems.

Atoms

The smallest component of an element, which can combine to form simple molecules.

Molecules

Groups of two or more atoms bonded together; can be simple (like water) or complex (like carbohydrates).

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions, such as mitochondria.

Tissues

Groups of cells with similar structure and function; there are four main types in the human body.

Organs

Structures formed by at least two different types of tissues working together, such as the heart or liver.

Organ Systems

Groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions in the body; there are 11 in total.

Digestive System

The organ system most related to nutrition, including organs such as the stomach and intestines.

Chemical reactions

Processes that transform simple molecules into complex molecules or vice versa, such as condensation and hydrolysis.

Essential Nutrients

Nutrients that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce them in sufficient quantities.

Acidic Solution

A solution with a pH less than 7, indicating a higher concentration of hydrogen ions.

Buffers

Substances that help maintain a stable pH in the body by resisting changes in acidity or alkalinity.

Hydrolysis Reaction

A process that breaks down complex molecules into simple molecules by adding water.

Condensation Reaction

A process that combines simple molecules into complex molecules, releasing water in the process.

pH Scale

A scale that measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral.

Ions

Atoms or molecules that carry a charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

Glucose

A simple sugar that is a building block for carbohydrates.

Mitochondria

Cell organelles known as the powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP for energy.

Cardiovascular System

The organ system comprised of the heart and blood vessels, responsible for circulating blood.

Cell

The basic structure and functional unit of the human body.