3.3.1 Introduction to organic chemistry - Chemistry Alevel

Homologous series - similarities and differences

Have similar chemical properties, show a gradual change in physical properties, can be represented by a general formula as they differ by -CH2, all contain the same functional group.

1 carbon atom

meth-, methyl-

2 carbon atoms

eth-, ethyl-

3 carbon atoms

prop-, propyl

4 carbon atoms

but-, butyl-

5 carbon atoms

pent-, pentyl-

6 carbon atoms

hex-, hexyl

Naming organic compounds NOTE

Single bonds can rotate freely

How to find priority

The higher the atomic number the higher the priority, if two atoms are the same look to the next atoms.

E/Z isomers arise when

There is a C=C double bond with restricted rotation, each double bonded carbon atom is bonded to two different groups .