Chemistry Unit 3 - Fire

What three ingredients are required to ignite a fire?

Heat, Fuel, and Oxygen

Below the flame of a candle, what type of change does the wax undergo and what does the change yield?

Physical, wax gas

Above the flame of a candle, what type of change does the wax undergo and what does the change yield?

Chemical, CO2 and H2O

What is another term for burning?

Combustion

What is an exothermic reaction?

When the energy moves out of the system

What is an endothermic reaction?

When the energy moves into the system

What is gravitational energy?

Energy due to gravity

What is mechanical energy?

Motion Energy

What is radiant energy?

Photon Motion Energy

What is electrical energy?

Electron Motion Energy

What is thermal energy?

Particle Motion Energy

What is chemical energy?

Energy stored in chemical bonds between atoms

What is elastic energy?

Energy stored in an object through the application of force

What is sound energy?

Energy from the motion of vibrations through matter

What is nuclear energy?

Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms

What is specific heat?

How much energy it takes to heat 1g of substance by 1C

What are the three postulates of KMT (kinetic molecular theory)?

Everything is made of particles, the particles are always in motion, and particle collisions are perfectly elastic

What is temperature?

The average KE of a substance's particles

What is heat?

How much energy is transferred due to a difference in temperature

If any two objects have different masses and the same temperature, which holds more energy?

The object with the greater mass

What type of particle motion does a gas have?

Translational, rotational, and vibrational

What type of particle motion does a liquid have?

Rotational and vibrational

What type of particle motion does a solid have?

Vibrational

During which state of matter do particles on average have the most kinetic energy?

Gas

What two data points are the Celsius temperature scale based on?

The points where (pure) water boils and freezes (+273.15=K)

How does the movement of particles effect the strength of intermolecular forces?

The faster particles move, the weaker IMFs become

What is a triple point?

When an element undergoes all three states at once

What does the periodic table allow us to predict?

Undiscovered elements and properties

How do you find out a given element's valence electrons?

Check the column it's in

What does a period (row) represent on the periodic table?

A new energy level

Qualities of metals (list 3)?

Conductors, shiny, ductile and malleable

Qualities of non-metals (list 3)?

Insulators, dull, brittle and breakable

Qualities of metalloids (list 3)?

Shiny or dull, generally ductile, between the qualities of metals and non-metals

Which family is the least reactive and why?

Noble gasses (Group 18), full valence shell

Which family is the most reactive and why?

Alkali Metals (Group 1), one valence electron

Which family likes to form salts and why?

Halogens (Group 17), need the 1 valence electron that the reactive alkali metals have

Which family is NOT found free in nature?

Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2)

Which family is most common?

Transition Metals

Why does atomic radius INCREASE as you move DOWN the periodic table?

Because as you move down a period, you add an energy level

Why does atomic radius DECREASE as you move ACROSS the periodic table?

Because the number of protons in the nucleus increases and attracts the orbiting electrons, decreasing the distance between them