Control and Coordination

Control and Coordination

Functions of the nervous system and hormones in the body that regulate responses to stimuli.

Nervous System

The system in animals consisting of neurons and specialized tissues that control and coordinate actions and reactions.

Neurons

Specialized nerve cells that conduct electrical impulses throughout the body.

Reflex Action

An automatic response to a stimulus that occurs without conscious thought, often for protective purposes.

Receptors

Specialized cells in sense organs that detect changes in the environment and send information to the nervous system.

Synapse

The gap between two neurons where communication and transmission of impulses occur.

Hormones

Chemical signals produced by endocrine glands that regulate physiological processes in the body.

Feedback Mechanism

A process that regulates hormone levels by detecting changes and adjusting the secretion accordingly.

Auxin

A plant hormone that promotes growth in response to light by elongating cells on one side of the plant.

Adrenaline

A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that prepares the body for action in response to stress.

Tropism

Directional growth movement of a plant in response to external stimuli such as light or gravity.

Voluntary Action

Deliberate movements or actions controlled by conscious thought mediated by the brain.

Involuntary Action

Automatic bodily functions that occur without conscious control, such as heartbeat and digestion.

Cerebellum

Part of the hind-brain responsible for coordination, balance, and precision of voluntary movements.

Medulla Oblongata

Part of the hind-brain that regulates involuntary actions such as breathing and heart rate.