World Geo Midterm

Shaping trade routes and resources availability in Europe, Africa, and Islamic World.

How did geography influence trade and cultural exchange in Europe, Africa, and the Islamic world?

The Chinese belief that rulers are chosen by Heaven and lose power if govern unjustly.

What is the Mandate of Heaven?

Islam boosted West African trade through shared languages and laws and encouraged learning in cities like Timbuktu.

How did Islam influence trade and learning in West Africa?

Scholars translated and advanced knowledge in science, math, and medicine.

What was the role of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad?

It was a social and economic system in medieval Europe where land was held by lords in exchange for service and loyalty, structuring society into hierarchies of lords, vassals, and serfs.

What is feudalism and how did it structure society?

Ottoman Turks under Menemen the 2.

Who conquered Constantinople in 1453?

African kingdoms had strong kings, wealthy from gold-salt trade, and blended Islamic and traditional cultural practices.

How were medieval African kingdoms organized politically economically, and culturally?

Wealth, trade, cultural diversity, and government support for scholarship.

What factors contributed to the Abbasid Golden Age?

It was used for chariot racing and public gatherings.

What was the purpose of the Hippodrome in Constantinople?

It emphasizes harmony with nature, simplicity, and following the DQO (the way).

What does Daoism (Taoism) emphasize?

Mecca

What is the holiest city in Islam?

Belief in One God.

What is monotheism?

It was organized under the shogun’s rule, daimyo land control, and samurai warrior service.

How was Japanese society organized under feudalism? (Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai)

The Byzantine movement to destroy religious images and icons.

What is the iconoclasm?

The ultimate goal of Buddhism is nirvana, achieved through meditation, ethical living, and wisdom.

What is the ultimate goal of Buddhism and how do followers try to achieve it?

It recorded landholding and resources in England for taxation under William the conqueror.

What was the main purpose of the Domesday Book?

Perceived declines in learning, trade, and centralized authority after Rome’s fall

Why are the early Middle Ages often called “dark”?

Faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage

What are the Five Pillars of Islam?

By codifying Roman law, building Hagia Sophia, and expanding territory

How did Justinian strengthen the Byzantine Empire politically and culturally?

European feudalism was decentralized, Byzantine rule was centralized, and East Asia relied on Confucian bureaucracy.

Compose political systems: European feudalism, Byzantine, and East Asia.

Hagia Sophia

Which famous church did Justinian and Theodora built?

Disagreement over leadership after Muhammad

Why did the Sunni-Shia split occur and persist?

Confucianism taught order, respect, and loyalty in government

What is Confucianism and how did it influence government and society?

Genghis Khan

Who united the Mongol tribes to create the Mongol Empire?

Muhammad’s move to Medina, start of Islamic calendar

What was the significance of the Hijrah?

Caliph= leader, Quran= holy, Chivalry= knight code

What is a caliph? What is the Quran? What is chivalry?

Leaders made laws, supported religion and strengthened rule

How did leaders like Justinian, caliphs, and emperors shape their societies?

Small kingdoms with weak central governments

What did Western Europe consist of after the fall of Rome?

Europe: Christianity, Byzantine: Orthodoxy, Islam: Qurian, Africa: Confucianism

Compare cultural or religious influences in Europe, Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire, Africa, and East Asia.

Regions shared trade and hierarchies, but differed in systems like European feudalism, African trade cities, and East Asia bureaucracy.

Identify similarities and differences between two or more regions in terms of trade, social hierarchy, or education.

As the prophet who revealed the Qur’an and founded Islam.

Why is Muhammad significant to Isam?

Peasants worned lard for protection

What is manorialism?

Corpus Juris civilis organized Roman Law

What was the Corpus Juris Civilis and why was it important?

It was a trade and learning center

Why was Timbuktu important?