Afro American culture Final Exam

Los Angeles Black Panther Party

Geronimo Jaga- former veteran who went under the wing of Bunchie Carter.

\*Taught Black people to arm and shoot

\*Supported Black panthers

\*FBI tries to do the same thing to him as they did to Fred Hampton but survived due to sleeping on floor.

\*Gets framed for murder he did not commit, spends 27 years in prison.

Tommie Smith and John Carlos at 1968 Mexico City Olympics

Both throw up Black power fist.

Went with no shoes to represent Black poverty

America disowned them

Peter Norman (Australian) supported them. Caught hell for it in Australia.

COINTELPRO

\*Counter-intelligence program

\*Began in 1956

\*Aimed at political activists and organizations deemed “subversive” to U.S.

\*Through investigations they would surveil and harass targets and use info to disrupt them.

\* Focused on leaders and groups in both civil rights and Black power movements.

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J. Edgar Hoover

* targeted Malcolm X and MLK
* Hoover believed MLK was influenced by communists
* “Prevent rise of a messiah who could electrify the militant Black nationalist movement.”
* Said Black panthers are greatest internal threat to the country.

Pan African flag

* Red, Black, and green
* Black nationalism
* Black pride
* Political power

Black Panther Party Ten Point Program

1. We want Power to Determine the Destiny of Our black community.
2. Full employment of our people
3. End to the robbery by the capitalists of our Black community.
4. Decent Housing
5. Education for our people that exposes the true nature of American society.
6. We want all Black men to be exempt from military service.
7. End to police brutality.
8. Freedom for all Black men held in prison/jail.
9. All Black people to be tried in a court by a jury of their peer group or from their Black communities.
10. We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace.

Fred Hampton

Member of the Chicago chapter of the BPP who was killed by the FBI at the age of 21.

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Socialist

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Third world unity

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Managed to build alliances with Puerto Ricans and poor Whites.

Blaxploitation Films

Done cheaply

Melvin Van Peebles started it

Dealt with things like crime, poverty, sex

started with film sweet sweetback’s badass song.

Shaft won Oscar for best musical score (Isaac Hayes)

Anti-Hero

Graphic, interracial sex scenes

Saved Hollywood from going Bankrupt

James Brown

* I’m Black and I’m proud
* Done being a slave
* Don’t treat me like a dog

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Kerner Commission

President LBJ established this to examine the cause of racial unrest in American cities. Wanted investigation on the rioters and expected to find evidence that a Black militant conspiracy instigated the riots, but did not find anything.

1986 Crime Bill

100-to-1 disparity between distribution of powder and crack cocaine.

created mandatory minimum sentencing laws without parole

5 yrs for possession of 5 grams of crack while same mandated 500 grams of powder cocaine.

1994 Crime Bill

Violence against women act

Assault weapon ban

Expanded federal death penalty

Increased federal prison construction

set aside money for states to build prisons.

Reaganomics

Rejected Keynesian Economic Theory

Supply Side economics

Tax cuts and spending cuts to encourage investors

cuts social programs

welfare queen sterotype

Black Panther Party Community Survival programs

Free Breakfast Program

Free Health clinics

Free clothing program

free employment program

Malcolm X, Message to the Grassroots

Third world unity (Bandung conference)

House Negro and Field Negro

Against non-violence and activists who preach non-violence

Black unity

Arm ourselves. Fight for liberation will be violent.

Black farmers

Lost most of our land

did not get the promise of 40 acres and a mule

War on Drugs

War on Black people.

Started by Nixon, peaked under Reagan

Escalated attacks on Black people by federal government

spearheads prison industrial complex

leads to mass incarceration

Black is beautiful movement

Began to focus on Africa

Began to embrace culture as representation of Black power

Adopting African dress, natural hair (Afro)

Adopting African and Arabic names

racial designation Negro is rejected for Black

Long civil rights movement and political uses of the past

Integration of schools lasted till the 1970s

West Charlotte High School busing/integration was a success

Surge in Black votership, employment, and middle class

Return migration of Black people coming back into the south in the 1970s

However, as the 1970s progressed, there was a regression.

Busing stopped by Regan and Bush administration. Unequal funding of schools

White flight