Module 31
5.0(2)
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Last updated 10:50 PM on 8/19/23
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25 Terms
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memory
persistence of learning over time thru encoding, storage, and retrieval of info (318)
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encoding
process/get info into our brain (319)
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storage
retain that info over time (319)
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retrieval
process of getting info out of storage (319)
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parallel processing
simultaneously processing many situational/environmental aspects (319)
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connectionism
views memories as products of interconnected neural networks (319)
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sensory memory
immediate/brief recording of sensory info in memory system (319)
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short-term memory
activated memory that holds few items briefly, before info is stored/forgotten (319)
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long-term memory
relatively permanent storehouse of memory system (319)
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working memory
focuses on conscious, active processing of auditory + visual-spatial info to link w info from long-term memory (319-320)
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explicit memory (declarative memory)
memory of facts/experiences/specific info that one consciously recalls (320)
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effortful processing
encoding that requires attention and conscious effort (focusing) (320)
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implicit memory (nondeclarative memory)
unconscious and automatic info we don’t store purposely (verywellmind.com / news-medical.net)
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automatic processing
happens w/o awareness ; skips encoding and goes directly to storage (320)
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iconic memory (sight)
momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli (322)
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echoic memory (hearing)
momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli (322)
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short-term memory decay
unless rehearsed, verbal info may quickly be forgotten (322)
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chunking
organizing items automatically into familiar, manageable units to recall it more easily (323)
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mnemonics
memory aid technique that uses vivid imagery (323)
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hierarchies
process info into chunks → organize into categories/concepts → divide into narrower concepts/facts (324)
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spacing effect
distribute study/practice to achieve better long-term retention than cramming (324)
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testing effect
enhanced memory after retrieving rather than rereading info (324)
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shallow processing
encoding on basic lvl based on structure of words (324)
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deep processing
encoding based on meaning of words (325)
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self-reference effect
material is more easily remembered if it’s personally meaningful
