Pharmacology exam 4 (antibiotics)

Aminoglycosides

gentamicin

neomycin

Aminoglycosides patient teaching

gentamicin, neomycin

Do not give wishing 72 hours of skeletal muscle relaxants used with anesthesia

Should be avoided with myasthenia graves if possible

Not compatible with heparin

taken as scheduled

Empirical treatment

Temporary higher dose of antibiotic

Secondary infections

Oral infections

Lesions

Itching of vagina/ anal areas

Can produce severe life threatening diarrhea

Antibiotics don’t treat

VIRUSES

Carbapenems

imipenem,meropenem,ertapenum

Treats severe infections by multi drug- resistant organisms

Carbapenems common effects

imipenam, meropenem, ertapenem

dizziness

seizures

hypersensitivity

Carbapenems Serious adverse effect

imipenem, meropenem, ertapenum

pseudomembranous colitis

severe diarrhea containing blood

Patient teaching for Carbapenems

Adverse reactions

If they have seizures or diarrhea shouldn’t take med or be closely monitored

Cephalosporins

cefdinir, cephalexin, cefazolin

Related to penicillin

Use in caution with people who are allergic to penicillin

Cephalosprins common effects

diarrhea

electrolyte imbalance (potassium, sodium)

Cephalosporin serious adverse effects

Secondary infections

hypoprothrombinemia

Risk for bleeding

Glycopeprides

vancomycin

Reserved for patients with a life threatening infection

Glycopeptides Adverse effects

vancomycin

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

Q-T Interval prolongation

Secondary infections

vancomycin Nurse/Patient teaching

Serum trough levels

Rapid IV administration may result in a severe hypotensive episode RED MANS SYNDROME

Administer for 60 minutes

Glycylcycline Pateint teaching

tigecycline

Not approved for 18 years and younger

May cause enamel hypoplasia and permanent yellow and gray or brown staining of teeth if taken in tooth development ages

Educate patients to not treat diarrhea by themselves

no oral birth control

not for pregnancy

Macrolides Serious adverse effects

azithromycin, erythromycin

Severe diarrhea

thrombophlebitis

Macrolides Patient teaching

azithromycin, erythromycin

If taken oral contraceptive use another method

Drink plenty of water

Macrolides

azithromycin, erythromycin

bacteriostatic and bactericidal

Oxazolidinones Serious adverse effects

linezolid

Severe diarrhea

Bone marrow suppression

lactic acidosis

visual neuropathy

Secondary infections

If diarrhea occurs teach patient

to not self treat with otc antidiarrheals

Penicillins common adverse effect

diarrhea

Penicillins Serious adverse effect

Hepatotoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

Hyperkalemia

Hypernatremia

electolyte imbalance

Quinolones Serious Adverse effect

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin

Photosensitivity

Rash

Neurologic effects

Aortic aneurysm rupture

Quinolones common effects

ciprofloxacin, levoflaxacin

N/V

diarrhea

dizziness

lightheadedness

Patient teaching for levofloxacin

Use in caution with older patients with long QT syndrome, hypokalemia, or taking certain anti arrhythmic meds

Streptogramins Adverse effects

quinupristin-dalfopristin

Hepatotoxicity

Athralgia

Myalgia

Patient teaching for Sulfonamides (Bactrim)

Hydration to prevent crystals

Serious adverse effects of Sulfonamides (Bactrim)

Crystal formation in urine if pt is dehyrdrated

rash

pruritus

Antitubercular Agents

Ethambutol

Isoniazid

Pyrazinamide

Rifampin

Adverse effects of Ethambutol

Confusion

Hallucination

Blurred vison

Red and Green vision changes

Patient teaching for Ethambutol

small frequent meals (need to eat)

Isoniazid adverse effects

Hepatotoxicity

Tingling/ numbness of hands

dizziness

ataxia

Pyrazinamide Adverse effects

arthralgia

myalgia

hepatotoxicity

Nurse teaching for Pyrazinamide

Not used for patients with gout!

Common adverse effects for rifampin

Reddish- orange secretions Normal

secretions- stool, saliva, sweat, tears, urine