Memory and Cognitive Processes

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to memory and cognitive processes.

Memory

Ability to encode, store, and retrieve information, representing past experiences and knowledge.

Memory Consolidation

The transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory.

Working Memory

Also called our short-term memory; the information we're holding in our conscious attention (i.e. what we're thinking about right now).

Multi-store Model of Memory (MSM)

Cognitive model of memory that explains how memories are made based on two parts: the stores and the control processes.

Working Memory Model (WMM)

Zooms in on the short-term store and explains how short-term memory works.

Schema

Clusters of knowledge stored in the mind in related groups referred to as 'cognitive frameworks.'

Schema Theory

The combination of ideas about how our minds organise information and how this can affect our thinking and behavior.

Localisation of Function

The concept that specific areas of the brain are responsible for particular functions and behaviours.

Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to change in response to learning, experience, or injury.

Cognitive Load

The amount of mental effort required to perform a task.

Cognitive Load Theory

Suggests that learning happens best when cognitive load is optimal for learning.

Individualism and Collectivism

Cultural dimensions describing whether societies value personal independence or group harmony.

Cortisol

A stress hormone released by the adrenal glands during the fight-or-flight response that improves memories of emotional information.

The Hippocampus

Main function is to help turn short-term memories into long-term memories.

Flashbulb Memories

Memories of the circumstances one is in when they hear or receive highly surprising or emotionally significant news.

Digital Detoxing

Going without devices for an extended period of time.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES)

Specific types of traumatic experiences that happen during childhood, grouped into three categories: abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction.